ArticlePLoS pathogens2020
Plasmodium sporozoites induce regulatory macrophages.
Article in PLoS pathogens, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 35 citations in OpenAlex.
- Innate immune activation restricts priming and protective efficacy of the radiation-attenuated PfSPZ malaria vaccine.JCI insight · 2024Trial
- Intradermal immunization with Plasmodium berghei late-arresting genetically attenuated sporozoites induces PD-L1 expression on regulatory macrophages and dendritic cells.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Influence of biophysical and biochemical cues on Plasmodium sporozoite dynamics in skin tissue.Parasites & vectors · 2025Review
- Emerging Role of Splenic Macrophage in Malaria Pathogenesis and Immunity.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2025Review
- Use of regulatory cells for achieving functional tolerance of pig heart xenotransplants in humans: a literature review.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Early Activation of Lung CD8Pathogens & immunity · 2025Article
- Monoclonal antibodies to the circumsporozoite proteins as an emerging tool for malaria prevention.Nature immunology · 2024Review
- Ageing of Plasmodium falciparum malaria sporozoites alters their motility, infectivity and reduces immune activation in vitro.Malaria journal · 2024Article
- Ultra-low volume intradermal administration of radiation-attenuated sporozoites with the glycolipid adjuvant 7DW8-5 completely protects mice against malaria.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Malaria: influence of Anopheles mosquito saliva on Plasmodium infection.Trends in immunology · 2023Review
- Chemically augmented malaria sporozoites display an altered immunogenic profile.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Performance of spectral flow cytometry and mass cytometry for the study of innate myeloid cell populations.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Chemically Enhanced Immunogenicity of Bacteria by Supramolecular Functionalization with an Adjuvant.Chembiochem : a European journal of chemical biology · 2022Article
- Innate immunity to malaria: The good, the bad and the unknown.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Article
- Review
- Elucidating Spatially-Resolved Changes in Host Signaling DuringFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2021Article
- Sporozoite immunization: innovative translational science to support the fight against malaria.Expert review of vaccinesReview
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
15 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs), like macrophages (Mϕs) and dendritic cells (DCs), are central players in the induction of natural and vaccine-induced immunity to malaria, yet very little is known about the interaction of SPZ with human APCs. Intradermal delivery of whole-sporozoite vaccines reduces their effectivity, possibly due to dermal immunoregulatory effects. Therefore, understanding these interactions could prove pivotal to malaria vaccination. We investigated human APC responses to recombinant circumsporozoite protein (recCSP), SPZ and anti-CSP opsonized SPZ both in monocyte derived MoDCs and MoMϕs. Both MoDCs and MoMϕs readily took up recCSP but did not change phenotype or function upon doing so. SPZ are preferentially phagocytosed by MoMϕs instead of DCs and phagocytosis greatly increased after opsonization. Subsequently MoMϕs show increased surface marker expression of activation markers as well as tolerogenic markers such as Programmed Death-Ligand 1 (PD-L1). Additionally they show reduced motility, produce interleukin 10 and suppressed interferon gamma (IFNγ) production by antigen specific CD8+ T cells. Importantly, we investigated phenotypic responses to SPZ in primary dermal APCs isolated from human skin explants, which respond similarly to their monocyte-derived counterparts. These findings are a first step in enhancing our understanding of pre-erythrocytic natural immunity and the pitfalls of intradermal vaccination-induced immunity.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.