ReviewStroke2020
Infection as a Stroke Risk Factor and Determinant of Outcome After Stroke.
Review in Stroke, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 154 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
154 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 246 citations in OpenAlex.
- European stroke organisation guideline on stroke-associated pneumonia.European stroke journal · 2026Guideline
- Viral Infections and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2025Pooled it
- Efficacy of acupuncture for stroke-associated pneumonia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Effects of herpes zoster vaccination and antiviral treatment on the risk of stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in neurology · 2023Pooled it
- Heart rate variability as a predictor of stroke course, functional outcome, and medical complications: A systematic review.Frontiers in physiology · 2023Pooled it
- Long-term risk and predictors of cerebrovascular events following sepsis hospitalization: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in medicine · 2022Pooled it
- Prognostic Value of Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio in Stroke: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in neurology · 2021Pooled it
- Anemia From Inflammation After Intracerebral Hemorrhage and Relationships With Outcome.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2024Trial
- Risk Factors and Outcomes Associated with Atrial Fibrillation Detected after Intracerebral Hemorrhage.Neurocritical care · 2026Article
- Capillary stalling: A common microvascular pathway to stroke susceptibility and poor recovery.Neurobiology of disease · 2026Review
- Risk of dementia after bloodstream infection-a nationwide propensity score matched cohort study.Age and ageing · 2026Article
- Preceding Infections and Coagulation Biomarkers in Early-Onset Cryptogenic Ischemic Stroke.Stroke · 2026Observational
- Impact of severe infections on the risk of acute cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases: A prospective cohort study.American journal of preventive cardiology · 2026Article
- The role of noninfectious comorbidities in the association between severe infections and risk of dementia in Finland: A nationwide registry study.PLoS medicine · 2026Article
- Novel Cerebrovascular Disease Blood Biomarkers Identified by Targeted Proteomics in a High-Risk Native American Population.World neurosurgery · 2026Article
- Article
- Explainable multi-modal approach for uncovering key predictors of stroke-risk from ECG, EMG, blood pressure, and respiratory signals.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Infection and neonatal encephalopathy.Pediatric research · 2026Article
- Stroke knowledge and awareness among adults in the West Bank: a cross-sectional study.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Gut irradiation and microbiota status modulate the meningeal immune landscape.Discovery immunology · 2026Article
94 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Understanding the relationship between infection and stroke has taken on new urgency in the era of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. This association is not a new concept, as several infections have long been recognized to contribute to stroke risk. The association of infection and stroke is also bidirectional. Although infection can lead to stroke, stroke also induces immune suppression which increases risk of infection. Apart from their short-term effects, emerging evidence suggests that poststroke immune changes may also adversely affect long-term cognitive outcomes in patients with stroke, increasing the risk of poststroke neurodegeneration and dementia. Infections at the time of stroke may also increase immune dysregulation after the stroke, further exacerbating the risk of cognitive decline. This review will cover the role of acute infections, including respiratory infections such as COVID-19, as a trigger for stroke; the role of infectious burden, or the cumulative number of infections throughout life, as a contributor to long-term risk of atherosclerotic disease and stroke; immune dysregulation after stroke and its effect on the risk of stroke-associated infection; and the impact of infection at the time of a stroke on the immune reaction to brain injury and subsequent long-term cognitive and functional outcomes. Finally, we will present a model to conceptualize the many relationships among chronic and acute infections and their short- and long-term neurological consequences. This model will suggest several directions for future research.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.