ReviewFEMS microbiology reviews2021
Uptake, recognition and responses to peptidoglycan in the mammalian host.
Review in FEMS microbiology reviews, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 67 citations in OpenAlex.
- Bacterial cell envelope components of gut commensals: effects in host-microbe interaction.Annals of medicine · 2026Review
- Review
- Denuded peptidoglycan oligosaccharides enable the biochemical investigation of bacterial cell wall recognition, modification, and degradation.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2026Article
- Early-life maternal probiotic supplementation programs sex- and region-specific gene expression in the adult offspring brain.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2026Article
- Will It Be Possible in the Future to Target Innate Immunity Against Staphylococcus aureus Using Resident Microbiota and Plant Extracts?Journal of immunology research · 2026Article
- Overview of the immunomodulatory role of bacterial probiotic-derived peptidoglycan: from molecular insights to therapeutic application.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Review
- Metabolomics and metagenomics in mice reveal the role of the gut microbiota in tryptophan metabolism.iScience · 2025Article
- Article
- Gut microbiota-derived GlcNAc-MurNAc is a TLR4 agonist that protects the host gut.Nature communications · 2025Article
- The soil Mycobacterium sp. promotes health and longevity through different bacteria-derived molecules in Caenorhabditis elegans.Aging cell · 2025Article
- The spectrum of lysosomal stress and damage responses: from mechanosensing to inflammation.EMBO reports · 2025Review
- Alterations in Whey Protein Abundance Correlated with the Somatic Cell Count Identified via Label-Free and Selected Reaction Monitoring Proteomic Approaches.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Article
- Bacterial peptidoglycan levels have brain area, time of day, and sleep loss-induced fluctuations.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2025Article
- Article
- Structural Characterization and Immune Activation Capacity of Peptidoglycan fromInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Monocyte uptake of polymeric peptidoglycan is bimodal and governed by complement C3 and C4 opsonins.JCI insight · 2024Article
- Cytosolic delivery of innate immune agonists.Trends in immunology · 2024Review
- Noninvasive Analysis of Peptidoglycan from Living Animals.Bioconjugate chemistry · 2024Article
- Tributyrin Supplementation Rescues Chronic-Binge Ethanol-Induced Oxidative Stress in the Gut-Lung Axis in Mice.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Exosome Mediated Cell-Cell Crosstalk in Tissue Injury and Repair.Results and problems in cell differentiation · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Microbiota, and the plethora of signalling molecules that they generate, are a major driving force that underlies a striking range of inter-individual physioanatomic and behavioural consequences for the host organism. Among the bacterial effectors, one finds peptidoglycan, the major constituent of the bacterial cell surface. In the steady-state, fragments of peptidoglycan are constitutively liberated from bacterial members of the gut microbiota, cross the gut epithelial barrier and enter the host system. The fate of these peptidoglycan fragments, and the outcome for the host, depends on the molecular nature of the peptidoglycan, as well the cellular profile of the recipient tissue, mechanism of cell entry, the expression of specific processing and recognition mechanisms by the cell, and the local immune context. At the target level, physiological processes modulated by peptidoglycan are extremely diverse, ranging from immune activation to small molecule metabolism, autophagy and apoptosis. In this review, we bring together a fragmented body of literature on the kinetics and dynamics of peptidoglycan interactions with the mammalian host, explaining how peptidoglycan functions as a signalling molecule in the host under physiological conditions, how it disseminates within the host, and the cellular responses to peptidoglycan.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.