ReviewNature medicine2020
Recommendations for measuring HIV reservoir size in cure-directed clinical trials.
Registry-linked trialAbstract readReview
In one paragraph
Review in Nature medicine, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04863066 (A Phase I Trial Using Third-Generation CAR-T-cell Therapy in Individuals With HIV-1 Infection), which is not on this map. Cited by 90 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
90citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Phase I Trial Using Third-Generation CAR-T-cell Therapy in Individuals With HIV-1 Infection
Who cites it
90 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Influence of Combination Antiretroviral Therapy on HIV-1 Serological Responses and Their Implications: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Pooled it
- Long-term effect of temporary ART initiated during primary HIV-1 infection on viral persistence.Nature communications · 2025Trial
- Anti-PD-L1 antibody ASC22 in combination with a histone deacetylase inhibitor chidamide as a "shock and kill" strategy for ART-free virological control: a phase II single-arm study.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2024Trial
- HCV-specific CD4EBioMedicine · 2026Article
- HIV-specific and resistant CAR T cells promote control of HIV replication in people with HIV.Research square · 2026Article
- The brain as an HIV reservoir: Recent findings using autopsy tissues from people with HIV.PLoS pathogens · 2026Review
- 5' leader defects drive persistent HIV-1 viremia on long-term ART.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Q4ddPCR: a flexible, 4-target assay for high-resolution HIV reservoir profiling.Nature communications · 2026Article
- HIV-producing resting T cells monopolize virus production, associated PANoptosis, and persistence in lymphoid tissue.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Safety and biologic activity of a bispecific T cell receptor targeting HIV Gag in males living with HIV: a first-in-human trial.Nature communications · 2026Article
- HIV persistence in tissues on dolutegravir-based therapy is not associated with resistance mutations to dolutegravir.Communications medicine · 2026Article
- Tools to Quantify and Characterize the Persistent Reservoir in People with HIV-1: Focus on Non-B Subtypes.Viruses · 2026Review
- Pharmacological and genetic modulation of IL-32 expression in intestinal epithelial cells does not impact HIV-1 outgrowth in co-cultured CD4Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Interleukin-2 is a potent latency reversal agent in people with treated HIV-1.Science advances · 2025Article
- Comparison of manual and automated ultrasensitive assays for residual HIV-1 in plasma from individuals on suppressive antiretroviral therapy.Journal of clinical microbiology · 2025Article
- Ultra-low level HIV p24 drives immune activation in antiretroviral therapy-treated people living with HIV.Communications medicine · 2025Article
- The human chromatin remodeling complex p400 restricts HIV-1 transcription in a Tat-dependent manner.Nucleic acids research · 2025Article
- Impact on clinical biomarkers, immune recovery, and HIV reservoir dynamics of switching to EVG/c/FTC/TAF versus maintaining a non-INSTI-based regimen in virologically suppressed individuals.Infectious diseases & immunity · 2025Article
- Duplex digital PCR assay on microfluidic chamber arrays for total HIV DNA reservoir quantification in persons with HIV.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Applications and limitations of the passenger hypothesis for HIV reservoir persistence and cure.Journal of virology · 2025Review
30 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
35 authors.
Mohamed Abdel-MohsenThe Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Douglas RichmanVA San Diego Healthcare System and University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0962-9254
Robert F SilicianoJohns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Michel C NussenzweigThe Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.
Bonnie J HowellMerck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5915-9943
Javier Martinez-PicadoIrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Badalona, Spain.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4916-2129
Nicolas ChomontUniversité de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9747-5018
Katharine J BarUniversity of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Xu G YuRagon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Mathias LichterfeldRagon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Jose AlcamiAIDS Immunopathogenesis Unit, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid and Infectious Diseases Unit, IBIDAPS, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0023-7377
Daria HazudaMerck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA.
Frederic BushmanUniversity of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4740-4056
Janet D SilicianoJohns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Michael R BettsUniversity of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Adam M SpivakUniversity of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
Vicente PlanellesUniversity of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5318-2982
Beatrice H HahnUniversity of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9400-9887
Davey M SmithVA San Diego Healthcare System and University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.
Ya-Chi HoYale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
Maria J BuzonAIDS Immunopathogenesis Unit, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid and Infectious Diseases Unit, IBIDAPS, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4427-9413
Christian GaeblerThe Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.
Mirko PaiardiniDivision of Microbiology and Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7276-3600
Qingsheng LiSchool of Biological Sciences and Nebraska Center for Virology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4101-4073
Jacob D EstesVaccine and Gene Therapy Institute and Oregon National Primate Research Center (ONPRC), Oregon Health and Science University (OHSU), Beaverton, OR, USA.
Thomas J HopeNorthwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7183-8319
Jay KostmanJonathan Lax Center, Philadelphia FIGHT, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Karam MounzerJonathan Lax Center, Philadelphia FIGHT, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Marina CaskeyThe Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.
Lawrence FoxDivision of AIDS, NIAID, NIH, North Bethesda, MD, USA.
Ian FrankUniversity of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
James L RileyUniversity of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Pablo TebasUniversity of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Luis J MontanerThe Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA. montaner@wistar.org.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5799-6759
BEAT-HIV Delaney Collaboratory to Cure HIV-1 infection
Funding
Upgrade of confocal microscopy at the Oregon National Primate Research CenterP51OD011092 · OD · OREGON HEALTH & SCIENCE UNIVERSITY · PI Bonnie J. Nagel · 2012 to 2026
$203.9MYerkes National Primate Research Center Role of type-I IFN in regulating COVID-19 induced inflammation and pathogenesisP51OD011132 · OD · EMORY UNIVERSITY · PI Joon Sup Lee · 2012 to 2026
$167.0MIMMUNE MECHANISMS OF PROTECTION AGAINST MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS CENTER (IMPAC-TB) - SARS-CoV-2 RELATED RESEARCH75N93019C00070 · NIAID · SEATTLE CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL · PI URDAHL, KEVIN · 2019 to 2025
$86.6MVirus & Reservoirs CoreP30AI045008 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA · PI DAVID S METZGER · 1999 to 2026
$78.6MTumor Microenvironment and MetastasisP30CA010815 · NCI · WISTAR INSTITUTE · PI Luis J Montaner · 1985 to 2026
$75.9MVaccine Response and Immunotherapeutics SWGP30AI094189 · NIAID · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI Richard E. Chaisson · 2012 to 2026
$67.0MUniversity of Pennsylvania HIV Clinical Trials UnitUM1AI069534 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA · PI Ian Frank, PABLO TEBAS · 2012 to 2026
$33.0MFirst-in-human study of two anti-SARS CoV-2 antibodies in health volunteersUM1AI126620 · NIAID · WISTAR INSTITUTE · PI MONTANER, LUIS J, RILEY, JAMES L. · 2016 to 2021
$24.5MCombined Immunologic Approaches to Cure HIV-1UM1AI126603 · NIAID · BETH ISRAEL DEACONESS MEDICAL CENTER · PI BAROUCH, DAN H., MELLORS, JOHN W · 2016 to 2020
$23.6MCollaboratory of AIDS Researchers for Eradication (CARE)UM1AI126619 · NIAID · UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL · PI MARGOLIS, DAVID M. · 2016 to 2020
$23.2MVirus TransmissionP50AI150464 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF UTAH · PI SUNDQUIST, WESLEY I. · 2019 to 2021
$14.9MModeling HIV CAR-T cell trafficking and persistence in Non-Human PrimatesU19AI149680 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA · PI RILEY, JAMES L. · 2020 to 2024
$13.2MHoward Hughes Medical Institute 43222NCI NIH HHS P30 CA010815NCI NIH HHS R01 CA206466NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL134539NIAID NIH HHS 75N93019C00070NIAID NIH HHS P30 AI045008NIAID NIH HHS P30 AI094189NIAID NIH HHS P50 AI150464NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI078799NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI120008NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI124843NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI130005NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI133706NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI141009NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI143411NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI143567NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI149672NIAID NIH HHS R21 AI110164NIAID NIH HHS R21 AI116228NIAID NIH HHS R21 AI118402NIAID NIH HHS R21 AI122377NIAID NIH HHS R21 AI124776NIAID NIH HHS R21 AI129636NIAID NIH HHS R21 AI143385NIAID NIH HHS R33 AI110164NIAID NIH HHS R33 AI116228NIAID NIH HHS R33 AI122377NIAID NIH HHS R37 AI141258NIAID NIH HHS R56 AI125109NIAID NIH HHS U01 AI065279NIAID NIH HHS U01 AI117841NIAID NIH HHS U01 AI135940NIAID NIH HHS U19 AI117950NIAID NIH HHS U19 AI149680NIAID NIH HHS UM1 AI069534NIAID NIH HHS UM1 AI126603NIAID NIH HHS UM1 AI126619NIAID NIH HHS UM1 AI126620NIA NIH HHS R01 AG062383NIA NIH HHS R56 AG062383NIDA NIH HHS R01 DA048728NIDA NIH HHS R01 DA049666NIDA NIH HHS R33 DA047034NIDA NIH HHS R33 DA047037NIDA NIH HHS R61 DA047034NIDA NIH HHS R61 DA047037NIDDK NIH HHS R01 DK119945NIDDK NIH HHS R01 DK123733NIH HHS P51 OD011092NIH HHS P51 OD011132NINDS NIH HHS R01 NS117458NINDS NIH HHS R21 NS106970
Abstract
Therapeutic strategies are being clinically tested either to eradicate latent HIV reservoirs or to achieve virologic control in the absence of antiretroviral therapy. Attaining this goal will require a consensus on how best to measure the numbers of persistently infected cells with the potential to cause viral rebound after antiretroviral-therapy cessation in assessing the results of cure-directed strategies in vivo. Current measurements assess various aspects of the HIV provirus and its functionality and produce divergent results. Here, we provide recommendations from the BEAT-HIV Martin Delaney Collaboratory on which viral measurements should be prioritized in HIV-cure-directed clinical trials.
Indexed as
Anti-Retroviral AgentsCD4-Positive T-LymphocytesClinical Trials as TopicDisease ReservoirsHIV-1HIV InfectionsHumansMass ScreeningViral LoadVirus LatencyAnti-Retroviral Agents
Identifiers
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Read underepoch 390
Registered trials
NCT04863066ClinicalTrials.gov
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.