Evidence map›Paper›PMID 32895082›Full record

ArticlePsychological medicine2022

Evaluating the mental health impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic: perceived risk of COVID-19 infection and childhood trauma predict adult depressive symptoms in urban South Africa.

Andrew Wooyoung Kim, Tawanda Nyengerai, Emily Mendenhall

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Psychological medicine, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 120 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
120citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

120 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Mental Health during the COVID-19 Crisis in Africa: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021
    Pooled it
  3. Pooled it
  4. Article
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  10. Trauma as a mediator of childhood adversity and mental illness in South Africa: A path analysis.The South African journal of psychiatry : SAJP : the journal of the Society of Psychiatrists of South Africa · 2025
    Article
  11. Article
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  14. Managing Fear During Pandemics: Risks and Opportunities.Perspectives on psychological science : a journal of the Association for Psychological Science · 2024
    Review
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Mental health impact of COVID-19 on healthcare workers versus adults in Africa.African journal of primary health care & family medicine · 2024
    Review
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Review

60 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Andrew Wooyoung KimSAMRC/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.ORCID 0000-0002-0148-7565
Tawanda NyengeraiSchool of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
Emily MendenhallSAMRC/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.ORCID 0000-0002-5826-1321

Funding

Partnership for Global Health Research Training Program (Renewal)-Supplement for OBSSR, NCI, NCI-AIDS and NIDCDD43TW010543 · FIC · HARVARD UNIVERSITY D/B/A HARVARD SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH · PI Wafaie W Fawzi, DAVIDSON HOWES HAMER · 2017 to 2026
$12.1M
FIC NIH HHS D43 TW010543
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundSouth Africa's national lockdown introduced serious threats to public mental health in a society where one in three individuals develops a psychiatric disorder during their life. We aimed to evaluate the mental health impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic using a mixed-methods design.

methodsThis longitudinal study drew from a preexisting sample of 957 adults living in Soweto, a major township near Johannesburg. Psychological assessments were administered across two waves between August 2019 and March 2020 and during the first 6 weeks of the lockdown (late March-early May 2020). Interviews on COVID-19 experiences were administered in the second wave. Multiple regression models examined relationships between perceived COVID-19 risk and depression.

resultsFull data on perceived COVID-19 risk, depression, and covariates were available in 221 adults. In total, 14.5% of adults were at risk for depression. Higher perceived COVID-19 risk predicted greater depressive symptoms (

conclusionsHigher perceived risk of COVID-19 infection is associated with greater depressive symptoms during the first 6 weeks of quarantine. High rates of severe mental illness and low availability of mental healthcare amidst COVID-19 emphasize the need for immediate and accessible psychological resources.

Indexed as

Adverse Childhood ExperiencesCOVID-19AdultAnxietyCommunicable Disease ControlDepressionHumansLongitudinal StudiesMental HealthPandemicsSARS-CoV-2South Africachildhood traumaCOVID-19depressionrisk perceptionSouth Africa

Identifiers

PMID32895082
PMCPMC7520640

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.