ArticleEuropean journal of drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics2021
Differences in Intestinal Metabolism of Ginseng Between Normal and Immunosuppressed Rats.
Article in European journal of drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
What it found
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- Protective effects of Bacillus clausii in cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppression and intestinal mucositis in rats: histopathological and inflammatory evaluation.Molecular biology reports · 2026Article
- Ginsenosides in Modern Pharmaceutics: Mechanisms, Applications, Challenges, and Perspectives.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- Network analysis andFrontiers in pharmacology · 2025Article
- Current View on How Human Gut Microbiota Mediate Metabolic and Pharmacological Activity ofEndocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets · 2024Article
- Pharmacological effects of ginseng and ginsenosides on intestinal inflammation and the immune system.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Methods on improvements of the poor oral bioavailability of ginsenosides: Pre-processing, structural modification, drug combination, and micro- or nano- delivery system.Journal of ginseng research · 2023Review
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
objectiveGinseng is usually consumed as a dietary supplement for health care in the normal state or prescribed as a herbal medicine in pathologic conditions. Although metabolic studies of ginseng are commonly performed on healthy organisms, the metabolic characteristics in pathologic organisms remain unexplored. This study aimed to uncover the difference in intestinal metabolism of ginseng between normal and cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppressed rats and further discuss the potential mechanisms involved.
methodsTwelve Sprague-Dawley rats (6-8 weeks old) were randomly divided into two groups: the normal group (NG) and immunosuppressed group (ISG). Rats in the NG and ISG groups were intraperitoneally administered normal saline and cyclophosphamide injections (40 mg/kg) on the 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 10th days; on the 12th day, all rats were intragastrically administered ginseng water extract (900 mg/kg). The difference in intestinal metabolism of ginseng was compared using an ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadruple time-of-flight mass spectrometry-based metabolomics approach, and the diversities of gut microbiota were analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing between the two groups.
resultsThe intestinal metabolomic characteristics of ginseng were significantly different between the normal and immunosuppressed rats, with the ginsenoside F
conclusionThe intestinal metabolism of ginseng in immunosuppressed rats was significantly different from that in normal ones, which might be partly attributed to the changes in the intensity of specific gut bacteria. The outcomes of this study could provide scientific data for rationalization of ginseng use as both a dietary supplement and herbal medicine.
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