ReviewDiabetologia2020
Early beta cell dysfunction vs insulin hypersecretion as the primary event in the pathogenesis of dysglycaemia.
Review in Diabetologia, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 122 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
122 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 175 citations in OpenAlex.
- Vitamin D deficiency and its associated factors among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMJ open · 2023Pooled it
- Improvements in glucose metabolism after high-, but not low-, volume strength exercise in individuals with obesity are associated with baseline insulin resistance: a secondary analysis from a randomized clinical trial.European journal of applied physiology · 2026Trial
- Increased Genetic Risk for β-Cell Failure Is Associated With β-Cell Function Decline in People With Prediabetes.Diabetes · 2024Trial
- Weight loss and β-cell responses following gastric banding or pharmacotherapy in adults with impaired glucose tolerance or type 2 diabetes: a randomized trial.Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.) · 2022Trial
- Effect of obstructive sleep apnea on glucose metabolism.European journal of endocrinology · 2022Trial
- β Cell function and plasma insulin clearance in people with obesity and different glycemic status.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2022Trial
- One Week Exposure to a Somatostatin Receptor 2 Antagonist (SSTR2a) Enhances Glucagon Counterregulation to Insulin-Induced Hypoglycaemia and Does Not Worsen Glycemia in a Male Rat Model of Insulin-Requiring Type 2 Diabetes.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2026Article
- The central role of the β-cell in diabetes: from monogenic forms to type 1, type 2, and gestational diabetes.Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders · 2026Review
- Prediabetes: diagnostic aspects, clinical features, and emerging therapeutic opportunities, with a focus on Vitamin D.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2026Article
- Plant-Based Nutrition and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Prevention, Risk, Metabolic Health and the Role of Legumes, Dietary Fiber, and Red Meat.Nutrients · 2026Review
- Hyperinsulinaemia as a cause of obesity and cardiometabolic diseases.Nature reviews. Endocrinology · 2026Review
- miR-23a-3p as a Biomarker Associated with Prediabetes in People Living with HIV: An Integrative Analysis of Inflammatory, Metabolic, and Insulin Resistance Signatures.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Article
- Workload-induced changes to cell state contribute to β-cell failure in diabetes.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Is high insulin protective or detrimental? Mathematical modeling reveals the base of the iceberg.American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism · 2026Article
- Tomosyn-2 Regulates Postnatal β-Cell Expansion and Insulin Secretion to Maintain Glucose Homeostasis.Diabetes · 2026Article
- Article
- Determinants of Glucose Tolerance in a Population Without Overt Diabetes: The Role of β-Cell Glucose Sensitivity, Insulin Sensitivity, and Insulin Clearance.Metabolites · 2026Article
- Angiogenesis and inflammation in the retinopathy risk of insulin and semaglutide - a review.International journal of retina and vitreous · 2026Review
- African immigrants with type 2 diabetes present with three physiologic subtypes: implications for screening, diagnosis and treatment.BMJ open diabetes research & care · 2026Article
62 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Obesity and insulin resistance are associated with the development of type 2 diabetes. It is well accepted that beta cell dysfunction is required for hyperglycaemia to occur. The prevailing view is that, in the presence of insulin resistance, beta cell dysfunction that occurs early in the course of the disease process is the critical abnormality. An alternative model has been proposed in which primary beta cell overstimulation results in insulin hypersecretion that then leads to the development of obesity and insulin resistance, and ultimately to beta cell exhaustion. In this review, data from preclinical and clinical studies, including intervention studies, are discussed in the context of these models. The preponderance of the data supports the view that an early beta cell functional defect is the more likely mechanism underlying the pathogenesis of hyperglycaemia in the majority of individuals who develop type 2 diabetes. Graphical abstract.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.