ArticlePhytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology2020
Phillyrin (KD-1) exerts anti-viral and anti-inflammatory activities against novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) and human coronavirus 229E (HCoV-229E) by suppressing the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway.
Article in Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 69 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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69 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 108 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effect of herbal compounds on coronavirus; a systematic review and meta-analysis.Virology journal · 2022Pooled it
- Chinese herbal medicine: Fighting SARS-CoV-2 infection on all fronts.Journal of ethnopharmacology · 2021Pooled it
- Viral Mechanisms and Drug Influences on Janus Kinase/Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription (JAK/STAT) Pathway in Human Coronaviruses Infection: A Systematic Review.Health science reports · 2026Review
- SARS-CoV-2 Nsp1 suppresses the canonical NF-κB pathway by promoting ubiquitin-dependent degradation of TAK1 kinase.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- Antiviral Efficacy of the Traditional Chinese Medicine Mixture Yuanzhixingrenheji Against Human Adenovirus-7 In Vitro, In Vivo, and in a Clinical Retrospective Study.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Injectable natural hydrogel-loaded TaCommunications chemistry · 2026Article
- Whole-cell-catalyzed cinnamoylation of phillyrin in natural deep eutectic solvent-based co-solvent systems.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- Molecular Roadmap of COVID-19: From Viral Entry to Therapeutic Targets.Chemistry & biodiversity · 2026Review
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- Intranasal Chlorpheniramine for Early Symptomatic Treatment of COVID-19 and the Impact on Long-COVID.Cureus · 2025Review
- Antiviral treatment for viral pneumonia: current drugs and natural compounds.Virology journal · 2025Review
- [Role of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Pathogen-Induced Metabolic Reprogramming and Immune Suppression].Sichuan da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Sichuan University. Medical science edition · 2025Review
- Circular RNAs in the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2: potential diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets.Functional & integrative genomics · 2025Review
- Network pharmacology integrated with molecular docking and experimental validation elucidates the therapeutic potential ofFrontiers in oncology · 2025Article
- Flavonoid compound fromFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Article
- The GPR4 antagonist NE-52-QQ57 increases survival, mitigates the hyperinflammatory response and reduces viral load in SARS-CoV-2-infected K18-hACE2 transgenic mice.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Article
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- Characterization of a pangolin SARS-CoV-2-related virus isolate that uses the human ACE2 receptor.Science China. Life sciences · 2024Article
9 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
17 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has extensively and rapidly spread in the world, causing an outbreak of acute infectious pneumonia. However, no specific antiviral drugs or vaccines can be used. Phillyrin (KD-1), a representative ingredient of Forsythia suspensa, possesses anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and antiviral activities. However, little is known about the antiviral abilities and mechanism of KD-1 against SARS-CoV-2 and human coronavirus 229E (HCoV-229E). PURPOSE: The study was designed to investigate the antiviral and anti-inflammatory activities of KD-1 against the novel SARS-CoV-2 and HCoV-229E and its potential effect in regulating host immune response in vitro.
methodsThe antiviral activities of KD-1 against SARS-CoV-2 and HCoV-229E were assessed in Vero E6 cells using cytopathic effect and plaque-reduction assay. Proinflammatory cytokine expression levels upon infection with SARS-CoV-2 and HCoV-229E infection in Huh-7 cells were measured by real-time quantitative PCR assays. Western blot assay was used to determine the protein expression of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) p65, p-NF-κB p65, IκBα, and p-IκBα in Huh-7 cells, which are the key targets of the NF-κB pathway.
resultsKD-1 could significantly inhibit SARS-CoV-2 and HCoV-229E replication in vitro. KD-1 could also markedly reduce the production of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, MCP-1, and IP-10) at the mRNA levels. Moreover, KD-1 could significantly reduce the protein expression of p-NF-κB p65, NF-κB p65, and p-IκBα, while increasing the expression of IκBα in Huh-7 cells.
conclusionsKD-1 could significantly inhibit virus proliferation in vitro, the up-regulated expression of proinflammatory cytokines induced by SARS-CoV-2 and HCoV-229E by regulating the activity of the NF-кB signaling pathway. Our findings indicated that KD-1 protected against virus attack and can thus be used as a novel strategy for controlling the coronavirus disease 2019.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.