ArticleThe Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine2021
Pubertal Growth, IGF-1, and Windows of Susceptibility: Puberty and Future Breast Cancer Risk.
Article in The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- Diet and Nutrients Intakes during Infancy and Childhood in Relation to Early Puberty: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Nutrients · 2022Pooled it
- Early thelarche, reproductive hormones, and MRI-based breast density: a prospective study in China.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2025Article
- First mammogram-detected cancers portend worse survival in young women diagnosed with breast cancer.Breast cancer research and treatment · 2025Article
- Genetic determinants of age at menarche: does the LIN28B gene play a role? A narrative review.Hormones (Athens, Greece) · 2025Review
- Biogenic nanoparticles: pioneering a new era in breast cancer therapeutics-a comprehensive review.Discover nano · 2024Review
- Childhood obesity and central precocious puberty.Zhong nan da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Central South University. Medical sciences · 2024Review
- The Prospective Association between Early Life Growth and Breast Density in Young Adult Women.Cancers · 2024Article
- Methylome analysis in girls with idiopathic central precocious puberty.Clinical epigenetics · 2024Article
- Genetic correlation and Mendelian randomization analyses support causal relationships between dietary habits and age at menarche.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Analysis of serum insulin-like growth factor-1, fibroblast growth factor 23, and Klotho levels in girls with rapidly progressive central precocious puberty.European journal of pediatrics · 2023Article
- Exposure to Perfluoroalkyl Substances and Associations with Pubertal Onset and Serum Reproductive Hormones in a Longitudinal Study of Young Girls in Greater Cincinnati and the San Francisco Bay Area.Environmental health perspectives · 2023Article
- The Role of Cow's Milk Consumption in Breast Cancer Initiation and Progression.Current nutrition reports · 2023Review
- Breast cancer prevention by short-term inhibition of TGFβ signaling.Nature communications · 2022Article
- The association of age at menarche and adult height with mammographic density in the International Consortium of Mammographic Density.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2022Article
- The importance of addressing early life environmental exposures in cancer epidemiology.Current epidemiology reports · 2022Article
- Childhood Socioeconomic Status and Menarche: A Prospective Study.The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine · 2021Article
- Article
- Growth Hormone/Insulin Growth Factor Axis in Sex Steroid Associated Disorders and Related Cancers.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purposeRisk markers for breast cancer include earlier onset of menarche (age at menarche [AAM]) and peak height velocity (PHV). Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) is associated with pubertal milestones, as well as cancer risk. This study examined the relationships between pubertal milestones associated with breast cancer risk and hormone changes in puberty.
methodsThis is a longitudinal study of pubertal maturation in 183 girls, recruited at ages 6-7, followed up between 2004 and 2018. Measures included age at onset of puberty, and adult height attained; PHV; AAM; adult height, and serum IGF-1, and estrone-to-androstenedione (E:A) ratio.
resultsPHV was greatest in early, and least in late maturing girls; length of the pubertal growth spurt was longest in early, and shortest in late maturing girls. Earlier AAM was related to greater PHV. IGF-1 concentrations tracked significantly during puberty; higher IGF-1 was related to earlier age of PHV, earlier AAM, greater PHV, and taller adult height. Greater E:A ratio was associated with earlier AAM.
conclusionsFactors driving the association of earlier menarche and pubertal growth with breast cancer risk may be explained through a unifying concept relating higher IGF-1 concentrations, greater lifelong estrogen exposure, and longer pubertal growth period, with an expanded pubertal window of susceptibility.
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Registered trials
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