SynthesisVaccine2020
Systematic review of Group B Streptococcal capsular types, sequence types and surface proteins as potential vaccine candidates.
Synthesis in Vaccine, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 70 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
70 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 117 citations in OpenAlex.
- Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Group B Streptococcus Rectovaginal Colonization Rates and Serotype Distribution among Pregnant Women, Asia-Pacific Region, 2014-2025.Emerging infectious diseases · 2026Pooled it
- Prevalence of Group BMedical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Pooled it
- Molecular epidemiology ofMicrobial genomics · 2023Pooled it
- Descriptive review: global spectrum of invasive group B streptococcal disease in nonpregnant adults: epidemiology, risk factors and clinical presentations.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2026Review
- Prevalence, Serotype Distribution, and Antimicrobial Resistance ofJournal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Group B streptococcal disease in infants 0-3 months in The Netherlands, 1987-2023: a nationwide genomic and epidemiological surveillance study.The Lancet regional health. Europe · 2026Article
- Facing Antimicrobial Resistance and Virulence in Streptococcus agalactiae During Late Pregnancy: Evaluation of Lactobacilli as a Supportive Approach.MicrobiologyOpen · 2026Article
- Gene Factors and Serotypes Related to Polysaccharide and Protein-Based Candidate Vaccines AmongCurrent issues in molecular biology · 2026Article
- Genomic adaptation in group BmBio · 2026Article
- The Effect of Oral Supplementation with a Multi-Strain Probiotic Preparation on Group B Streptococcus (GBS) Carriage in Pregnant Women-A Pilot Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Prevalence of Candidate Vaccine Targets and Genomic Features of Pediatric Invasive Streptococcus Agalactiae in Japan.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2026Article
- A nationwide study of invasive Streptococcus agalactiae in the Faroe Islands from 2009 to 2024.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Genetic Determinants and Clonal Composition of Levofloxacin-ResistantAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Preclinical Immunogenicity of a 6-Valent GBS Glycoconjugate Vaccine from a Repeat-Dose GLP Toxicology Study.Vaccines · 2025Article
- Evidence of a novel sublineage ofMicrobial genomics · 2025Article
- Genomic adaptation in group BbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Group B Streptococcus (GBS) Carriage in Pregnant Women: Possible Emergence of Rare Serotypes and Antibiotic Resistance in Neonatal Disease.Microorganisms · 2025Article
- Genetic Mechanisms of Antimicrobial Non-Susceptibility to Novel Fluoroquinolone Delafloxacin Among Bulgarian Clinical Isolates ofCurrent issues in molecular biology · 2025Article
- Molecular Epidemiology of Invasive Group B Streptococcus in South Africa, 2019-2020.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Epidemiology of Group BOpen forum infectious diseases · 2025Article
10 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
14 authors at 8 institutions in 6 countries.
Funding
Abstract
background21 million pregnant women worldwide (18%) are estimated to carry Group B Streptococcus (GBS), which is a risk for invasive disease in newborns, pregnant women, and stillbirths. Adults ≥ 60 years or with underlying health conditions are also vulnerable to invasive GBS disease. We undertook systematic reviews on GBS organism characteristics including: capsular polysaccharide (serotype), sequence type (multi-locus sequence types (MLST)), and virulence proteins. We synthesised data by at-risk populations, to inform vaccine development.
methodsWe conducted systematic reviews and meta-analyses to estimate proportions of GBS serotypes for at risk populations: maternal colonisation, invasive disease in pregnant women, stillbirths, infants 0-90 days age, and older adults (≥60 years). We considered regional variation and time trends (2001-2018). For these at-risk population groups, we summarised reported MLST and surface proteins.
resultsBased on 198 studies (29247isolates), 93-99% of GBS isolates were serotypes Ia, Ib, II, III, IV and V. Regional variation is likely, but data gaps are apparent, even for maternal colonisation which has most data. Serotype III dominates for infant invasive disease (60%) and GBS-associated stillbirths (41%). ST17 accounted for a high proportion of infant invasive disease (41%; 95%CI: 35-47) and was found almost exclusively in serotype III strains, less present in maternal colonisation (9%; 95%CI:6-13),(4%; 95%CI:0-11) infant colonisation, and adult invasive disease (4%, 95%CI:2-6). Percentages of strains with at least one of alp 1, alp2/3, alpha C or Rib surface protein targets were 87% of maternal colonisation, 97% infant colonisation, 93% infant disease and 99% adult invasive disease. At least one of three pilus islands proteins were reported in all strains. DISCUSSION: A hexavalent vaccine (serotypes Ia, Ib, II, III, IV and V) might provide comprehensive cover for all at-risk populations. Surveillance of circulating, disease-causing target proteins is useful to inform vaccines not targeting capsular polysaccharide. Addressing data gaps especially by world region and some at-risk populations (notably stillbirths) is fundamental to evidence-based decision-making during vaccine design.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.