ArticleCancer2020
Time-varying survival effects for squamous cell carcinomas at oropharyngeal and nonoropharyngeal head and neck sites in the United States, 1973-2015.
Article in Cancer, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- A 5-Azetidinyl BODIPY-Olaparib Conjugate for PARP-Targeted Nuclear and Orthotopic Oral Tumor Imaging.ChemMedChem · 2026Article
- Revisiting the hazards of hazard ratios through simulations and case studies.European journal of epidemiology · 2025Article
- Effect of delayed treatment on survival of patients with head and neck squamous cell cancer.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Time-varying associations of patient and tumor characteristics with cancer survival: an analysis of SEER data across 14 cancer sites, 2004-2017.Cancer causes & control : CCC · 2024Article
- surtvep: An R package for estimating time-varying effects.Journal of open source software · 2024Article
- Using information criteria to select smoothing parameters when analyzing survival data with time-varying coefficient hazard models.Statistical methods in medical research · 2023Article
- Sociodemographic Survival Disparities for Lung Cancer in the United States, 2000-2016.Journal of the National Cancer Institute · 2022Article
- Patterns of care and prognostic evaluation for stage I-III upper esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: a population-based study.Annals of translational medicine · 2022Article
- Genomic Hippo Pathway Alterations and Persistent YAP/TAZ Activation: New Hallmarks in Head and Neck Cancer.Cells · 2022Review
- Scalable proximal methods for cause-specific hazard modeling with time-varying coefficients.Lifetime data analysis · 2022Article
- Automated PD-L1 Scoring Using Artificial Intelligence in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma.Cancers · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAnatomical site is strongly associated with head and neck cancer etiology, and etiology and patient sociodemographic characteristics are prognostic factors for survival. It is not known whether the effects of these predictors persist over the postdiagnosis period or are strongest proximal to the time of diagnosis.
methodsUsing survival times and causes of death for 180,434 patients with head and neck cancer in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results cancer registry (1973-2015), the empirical cumulative incidences of cancer-specific death and other-cause death were calculated with a competing risks framework, and the time-dependent effects (hazard ratios) of anatomical tumor site (oropharynx, oral cavity, or hypopharynx/larynx), age, sex, race, and year of diagnosis on cancer-specific death and other-cause death, stratified by tumor stage, were estimated.
resultsAll effects were significantly time-varying (P < .001). Patients with nonoropharyngeal cancer had a higher hazard of cancer-specific death but a similar cumulative fraction of deaths because of a higher rate of death from other causes. Cancer-specific survival has not changed for patients with nonoropharyngeal cancer over the past decades but has improved since 2000 for patients with oropharyngeal cancer. The effects of age and sex on cancer survival were strongest proximal to the diagnosis, whereas the effect of race persisted over time.
conclusionsRecent improvements in survival for patients with oropharyngeal cancer may be due more to an increasing fraction of cancers attributable to human papillomavirus than to increasing treatment effectiveness. The prognostic strength of anatomical site and other predictors changes over the postdiagnosis period. LAY SUMMARY: It is generally assumed that the effects of tumor and personal characteristics on the survival of patients with head and neck cancer are fixed over time, but this study shows that many factors are most important only in the first few years after diagnosis. Also, recent improvements in the survival of patients with head and neck cancer appear to benefit only patients with cancers of the oropharynx. The improvements may be due more to an increasing fraction of cancers caused by human papillomavirus (which generally have better outcomes) than to advances in head and neck cancer treatment overall.
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