ArticleEuropean child & adolescent psychiatry2021
Early regulatory problems and parenting: life-long risk, vulnerability or susceptibility for attention, internalizing and externalizing outcomes?
Article in European child & adolescent psychiatry, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- Early Predictors of the Childhood Dysregulation Profile: A Systematic Review.Clinical child and family psychology review · 2026Pooled it
- Systematic review: the impact of maternal pre-and postnatal cannabis use on the behavioral and emotional regulation in early childhood.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2025Pooled it
- The longitudinal association of combined regulatory problems in infancy and mental health outcome in early childhood: a systematic review.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2024Pooled it
- Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis: Early Irritability as a Transdiagnostic Neurodevelopmental Vulnerability to Later Mental Health Problems.Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry · 2024Pooled it
- Adolescent mental health outcomes following early regulatory problems.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2026Article
- Regulatory Problems in Infancy: Prevalence and Association With Early Neurodevelopmental and Medical Conditions in Toddlers.Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992) · 2026Article
- Mapping Dysregulation: Prenatal Predictors and Developmental Trajectories of Multiple Regulatory Problems in Early Childhood.Research on child and adolescent psychopathology · 2025Article
- Interactions between infant characteristics and parenting factors rarely replicate across cohorts and developmental domains.Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines · 2025Article
- "Can someone tell me what's going on with my child?": A qualitative study on parental health-seeking behavior for infant regulatory problems.Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique · 2025Article
- Fertility of Adults Born Very Preterm or With Very Low Birth Weight.JAMA network open · 2025Article
- The association between early regulatory problems and adult peer relationship quality is mediated by the brain's allostatic-interoceptive system.Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines · 2025Article
- Mind-mindedness in mothers of infants with excessive crying/sleeping/eating disorders.Frontiers in child and adolescent psychiatry · 2024Article
- Regulatory problems and developmental psychopathology within the first 2 years of living-a nested in cohort population-based study.Frontiers in child and adolescent psychiatry · 2024Article
- [Early childhood mental disorders: excessive crying, sleep and feeding disorders, and interventions using the "Munich model" as an example].Bundesgesundheitsblatt, Gesundheitsforschung, Gesundheitsschutz · 2023Review
- Associations of crying, sleeping, and feeding problems in early childhood and perceived social support with emotional disorders in adulthood.BMC psychiatry · 2023Article
- Community health nurses' concerns about infant regulatory problems are predictive of mental disorders diagnosed at hospital: a prospective cohort study.Frontiers in child and adolescent psychiatry · 2023Article
- Individual differences in sensitivity to positive home environment among children "at risk" for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A review.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2022Review
- The impact of crying, sleeping, and eating problems in infants on childhood behavioral outcomes: A meta-analysis.Frontiers in child and adolescent psychiatry · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Multiple or persistent crying, sleeping, or feeding problems in early childhood (regulatory problems, RPs) predict increased risk for self-regulation difficulties. Sensitive parenting may protect children from trajectories of dysregulation. Considering self-regulation from a life-course perspective, are children with early multiple and/or persistent RPs affected similarly by parenting as those without (main effects model, ME), or are they more vulnerable (diathesis-stress, DIA-S), or more susceptible (differential susceptibility theory, DST) to variations in sensitive parenting at age 6 years? Participants (N = 302) were studied prospectively from birth to 28 years. RPs were assessed from 5 to 56 months. Sensitive parenting was observed at 6 years. Attention regulation was observed at 8 and 28 years. Internalizing and externalizing problems were rated by parents at 8 years, and by adults at 28 years. Confirmatory-comparative modelling tested whether associations of sensitive parenting with outcomes at 8 and 28 years among individuals with early multiple and/or persistent RPs (n = 74) versus those without (n = 228) were best explained by ME, DIA-S, or DST models. Best fitting models differed according to age at assessment. For childhood attention regulation, the statistically parsimonious DIA-S provided the best fit to the data. At age 28, two additive main effects (ME, RP group and sensitive parenting) fit best. DIA-S and ME explained internalizing and externalizing problems. Using a comprehensive life-span approach, DIA-S and ME models but not DST explained how early RPs and sensitive parenting predicted attention, internalizing, and externalizing outcomes. Individuals with early RPs are vulnerable to insensitive parenting.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.