ArticleNeurology2020
Sex, race, and risk of dementia diagnosis after traumatic brain injury among older veterans.
Article in Neurology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 40 citations in OpenAlex.
- An Evidence Map of the Women Veterans' Health Literature, 2016 to 2023: A Systematic Review.JAMA network open · 2025Pooled it
- Explosive shock wave exposure leads to age-accelerated motor and sensory decline inbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Article
- Demographics, Clinical Characteristics, and Well-Being of Veterans with TBI and Dementia and Their Caregivers.Geriatrics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Incidence of Traumatic Brain Injury in a Longitudinal Cohort of Older Adults.JAMA network open · 2024Article
- Posttraumatic Epilepsy and Dementia Risk.JAMA neurology · 2024Article
- Associations Between Traumatic Brain Injury and Cognitive Decline Among Older Male Veterans: A Twin Study.Neurology · 2023Article
- Dementia Risk and Disadvantaged Neighborhoods.JAMA neurology · 2023Article
- Repeated closed-head mild traumatic brain injury-induced inflammation is associated with nociceptive sensitization.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2023Article
- Alzheimer's disease and related dementias among aging veterans: Examining gene-by-environment interactions with post-traumatic stress disorder and traumatic brain injury.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2023Article
- The Multiple Functions of Melatonin: Applications in the Military Setting.Biomedicines · 2022Review
- Traumatic Brain Injury and Risk of Neurodegenerative Disorder.Biological psychiatry · 2022Review
- Opinion: The Potential Role of Amyloid Beta Peptides as Biomarkers of Subconcussion and Concussion.Frontiers in neurology · 2022Article
- Traumatic Brain Injury and Risk of Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias in the Population.Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2022Article
- Association of remote mild traumatic brain injury with cortical amyloid burden in clinically normal older adults.Brain imaging and behavior · 2021Article
- Head injury and 25-year risk of dementia.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2021Article
- Oxidative Stress Signaling in Blast TBI-Induced Tau Phosphorylation.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Racial and Ethnic Disparities in U.S. Veteran Health Characteristics.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Head Injury Exposure in Veterans Presenting to Memory Disorders Clinic: An Observational Study of Clinical Characteristics and Relationship of Event-Related Potentials and Imaging Markers.Frontiers in neurology · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo investigate whether sex and race differences exist in dementia diagnosis risk associated with traumatic brain injury (TBI) among older veterans.
methodsUsing Fine-Gray regression models, we investigated incident dementia diagnosis risk with TBI exposure by sex and race.
resultsAfter the exclusion of baseline prevalent dementia, the final sample (all veterans ≥55 years of age diagnosed with TBI during the 2001-2015 study period and a random sample of all veterans receiving Veterans Health Administration care) included nearly 1 million veterans (4.3% female; 81.8% White, 11.5% Black, and 1.25% Hispanic), 96,178 with TBI and 903,462 without TBI. Compared to those without TBI, Hispanic veterans with TBI were almost 2 times more likely (17.0% vs 10.3%; hazard ratio [HR] 1.74, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.51-2.01), Black veterans with TBI were >2 times more likely (11.2% vs 6.4%; HR 2.15, 95% CI 2.02-2.30), and White veterans with TBI were nearly 3 times more likely to receive a dementia diagnosis (12.0% vs 5.9%; HR 2.71, 95% CI 2.64-2.77). A significant interaction between TBI and race for dementia diagnosis was observed (
conclusionsIn this large, nationwide cohort of older veterans, all race groups with TBI had increased risk of dementia diagnosis, but there was an interaction effect such that White veterans were at greatest risk for dementia after TBI. Further research is needed to understand the mechanisms for this discrepancy. Differences in dementia diagnosis risk for men and women after TBI were significant but small, and male and female veterans had similarly high risks of dementia diagnosis after TBI.
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