ArticleAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI2020
Remote Controlled Nociceptive Threshold Testing Systems in Large Animals.
Article in Animals : an open access journal from MDPI, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed.
- Anaesthesia for pigs, sheep, goats and cattle involved in biomedical research: FELASA working group guidelines-Parts I-IV.Laboratory animals · 2026Article
- Burn Selection: How Fire Injury Shaped Human Evolution.BioEssays : news and reviews in molecular, cellular and developmental biology · 2026Review
- Feasibility and reliability of pressure algometry for mechanical nociceptive threshold quantification in lambs in a field environment.Frontiers in pain research (Lausanne, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Evaluation of physical variables, thermal nociceptive threshold testing and pharmacokinetics during placement of transdermal buprenorphine matrix-type patch in healthy adult horses.Frontiers in pain research (Lausanne, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- The Neuroimmune Interface and Chronic Pain Through the Lens of Production Animals.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2022Review
- Nociceptive pain and anxiety in equines: Physiological and behavioral alterations.Veterinary world · 2021Review
- Analgesic Comparison of Flunixin Meglumine or Meloxicam for Soft-Tissue Surgery in Sheep: A Pilot Study.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2021Article
- Refinements to Animal Models for Biomedical Research.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
1 author.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Nociceptive threshold (NT) testing is widely used for the study of pain and its alleviation. The end point is a normal behavioural response, which may be affected by restraint or unfamiliar surroundings, leading to erroneous data. Remotely controlled thermal and mechanical NT testing systems were developed to allow free movement during testing and were evaluated in cats, dogs, sheep, horses and camels. Thermal threshold (TT) testing incorporated a heater and temperature sensor held against the animal's shaved skin. Mechanical threshold (MT) testing incorporated a pneumatic actuator attached to a limb containing a 1-2 mm radiused pin pushed against the skin. Both stimuli were driven from battery powered control units attached on the animal's back, controlled remotely via infra-red radiation from a handheld component. Threshold reading was held automatically and displayed digitally on the unit. The system was failsafe with a safety cut-out at a preset temperature or force as appropriate. The animals accepted the equipment and behaved normally in their home environment, enabling recording of reproducible TT (38.5-49.8 °C) and MT (2.7-10.1 N); precise values depended on the species, the individual and the stimulus characteristics. Remote controlled NT threshold testing appears to be a viable refinement for pain research.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.