SynthesisInfection2021
COVID-19 outbreak: history, mechanism, transmission, structural studies and therapeutics.
Synthesis in Infection, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 102 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
102 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Vaccine acceptance, determinants, and attitudes toward vaccine among people experiencing homelessness: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2023Pooled it
- SARS-CoV-2 persistence and infectivity in COVID-19 corpses: a systematic review.Forensic science, medicine, and pathology · 2023Pooled it
- The effect of COVID-19 vaccines on sperm parameters: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Asian journal of andrology · 2023Pooled it
- Updating the use of nano-biosensors as promising devices for the diagnosis of coronavirus family members: A systematic review.Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis · 2022Pooled it
- Do COVID-19 CT features vary between patients from within and outside mainland China? Findings from a meta-analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2022Pooled it
- Convalescent Plasma for the Prevention and Treatment of COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Quantitative Analysis.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2021Pooled it
- Safety and immunogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 protein subunit recombinant vaccine (Indovac®) in healthy populations aged 18 years and above in Indonesia: A phase I, observer-blind, randomized, controlled study.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Trial
- Immunogenicity and safety of an inactivated COVID-19 vaccine (CoronaVac®) co-administered with an inactivated enterovirus type 71 vaccine (Inlive®): A phase 4, randomized, controlled trial.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2024Trial
- Usambarensine fromACS omega · 2026Article
- Review
- Tracing 25 years of employee agility research: the missing links and future directions.Frontiers in sociology · 2026Review
- Pharmaceutical perspectives on oligonucleotide therapeutics and delivery systems.Pharmacological reviews · 2025Review
- K36-based inhibitor analogs as potential therapeutics against SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro): a computational investigation.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- The Performance of a Rapid Coronavirus Disease 2019 Antigen Test in Rural Gabon.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2025Article
- Impact of Long COVID on Health-Related Quality of Life Among COVID-19 Survivors in Saudi Arabia.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- In vitro enzymatic and cell culture assays for SARS-CoV-2 main protease interaction with ambenonium.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- End of Pandemic Parental Hesitancy Towards Pediatric COVID-19 Vaccination: A Cross-sectional Survey at Two Lebanese Tertiary Hospitals.Journal of epidemiology and global health · 2025Observational
- Research Trends in Proteomic Studies Using Serum from COVID-19 Patients: A Bibliometric Analysis.Current medicinal chemistry · 2025Article
- Databases of ligand-binding pockets and protein-ligand interactions.Computational and structural biotechnology journal · 2024Review
- Managing Patients With COVID-19 in Armenia Using a Remote Monitoring System: Descriptive Study.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2024Article
42 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
purposeThe coronavirus outbreak emerged as a severe pandemic, claiming more than 0.8 million lives across the world and raised a major global health concern. We survey the history and mechanism of coronaviruses, and the structural characteristics of the spike protein and its key residues responsible for human transmissions.
methodsWe have carried out a systematic review to summarize the origin, transmission and etiology of COVID-19. The structural analysis of the spike protein and its disordered residues explains the mechanism of the viral transmission. A meta-data analysis of the therapeutic compounds targeting the SARS-CoV-2 is also included.
resultsCoronaviruses can cross the species barrier and infect humans with unexpected consequences for public health. The transmission rate of SARS-CoV-2 infection is higher compared to that of the closely related SARS-CoV infections. In SARS-CoV-2 infection, intrinsically disordered regions are observed at the interface of the spike protein and ACE2 receptor, providing a shape complementarity to the complex. The key residues of the spike protein have stronger binding affinity with ACE2. These can be probable reasons for the higher transmission rate of SARS-CoV-2. In addition, we have also discussed the therapeutic compounds and the vaccines to target SARS-CoV-2, which can help researchers to develop effective drugs/vaccines for COVID-19. The overall history and mechanism of entry of SARS-CoV-2 along with structural study of spike-ACE2 complex provide insights to understand disease pathogenesis and development of vaccines and drugs.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.