ArticleEuropean radiology2021
Hepatobiliary phase enhancement of liver metastases on gadoxetic acid MRI: assessment of frequency and patterns.
Article in European radiology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 15 citations in OpenAlex.
- Coexisting focal nodular hyperplasia and diffuse hepatic metastases from an ileal neuroendocrine tumor: a case report and literature review.International journal of surgery case reports · 2026Article
- Purification and pharmacokinetic study of gadoxetate isomers for enhanced rabbit liver MR imaging.PloS one · 2026Article
- MRI findings of newly present benign focal hepatic observations following chemotherapy: distinct features in early- and late-term follow-up.European radiology · 2025Article
- Comparison ofCurrent oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2024Article
- Development of Dual Diagnostic-Therapeutic Nanoformulation Effective Against Pancreatic Cancer in Animal Model.International journal of nanomedicine · 2024Article
- Article
- Pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms: a 2022 update for radiologists.Abdominal radiology (New York) · 2022Review
- Radiological Imaging of Gastro-Entero-Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors. The Review of Current Literature Emphasizing the Diagnostic Value of Chosen Imaging Methods.Frontiers in oncology · 2021Review
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesTo assess for and characterize patterns of hepatobiliary phase (HBP) enhancement in hepatic metastases of various malignancies on gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI.
methodsEighty gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI studies performed between July 2012 and November 2019 in patients with hepatic metastases from 13 different primary malignancies were assessed. Most (n = 60) were from colorectal cancer (CRC), pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), or neuroendocrine tumor (NET) primaries. Two radiologists quantitatively evaluated the dominant lesion on each MRI. A lesion was considered enhancing when HBP enhancement relative to muscle exceeded 20%. Lesions were classified by pattern of enhancement. Quantitative enhancement metrics and patterns of enhancement were compared between CRC, PDAC, and NET using non-parametric statistical tests.
resultsMost dominant metastatic lesions > 1 cm (77%, 54/70) demonstrated HBP enhancement. HBP enhancement was identified in hepatic metastases from 10 different primary malignancies, including CRC, PDAC, and NET. PDAC metastases demonstrated a lower degree of HBP enhancement (26%) than CRC (44%, p
conclusionLiver metastases from several primary malignancies, including PDAC, demonstrate mild HBP enhancement in variable patterns. Correlation with OATP1B3 expression and prognosis is required. KEY POINTS: • Hepatobiliary phase (HBP) enhancement was identified in 77% of hepatic metastases in several different primary malignancies. • Discrete patterns of HBP enhancement exist (peripheral, central, diffuse heterogeneous) and varied between CRC, PDAC, and NET. CRC and PDAC metastases demonstrated mostly non-central patterns (diffuse and peripheral), and NET mostly a central pattern. • Relationship between HBP enhancement, enhancement pattern, OATP1B3 expression, and prognosis requires further dedicated exploration for each malignancy.
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