Evidence map›Paper›PMID 32885971›Full record

ArticleThe journal of physical chemistry letters2020

The Answer Lies in the Energy: How Simple Atomistic Molecular Dynamics Simulations May Hold the Key to Epitope Prediction on the Fully Glycosylated SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein.

Stefano A Serapian, Filippo Marchetti, Alice Triveri, Giulia Morra, Massimiliano Meli, Elisabetta Moroni, Giuseppe A Sautto, Andrea Rasola, Giorgio Colombo

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in The journal of physical chemistry letters, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
32citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

32 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Trial
  2. Article
  3. Adaptive Disorder as the Hallmark of Nanobodies Antigen-Binding Loops.Journal of chemical information and modeling · 2026
    Article
  4. Ligand-driven modulation of chaperone-cochaperone networks shapes proteostasis outcomes.Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society · 2026
    Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Review
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Review
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Review
  15. Article
  16. Molecular dynamics studies reveal structural and functional features of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein.BioEssays : news and reviews in molecular, cellular and developmental biology · 2022
    Review
  17. Article
  18. Posttranslational modifications optimize the ability of SARS-CoV-2 spike for effective interaction with host cell receptors.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2022
    Article
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Stefano A SerapianDepartment of Chemistry, University of Pavia, viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0122-8499
Filippo MarchettiDepartment of Chemistry, University of Pavia, viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
Alice TriveriDepartment of Chemistry, University of Pavia, viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
Giulia MorraSCITEC-CNR, via Mario Bianco 9, 20131 Milano, Italy.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9681-7845
Massimiliano MeliSCITEC-CNR, via Mario Bianco 9, 20131 Milano, Italy.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3304-6104
Elisabetta MoroniSCITEC-CNR, via Mario Bianco 9, 20131 Milano, Italy.
Giuseppe A SauttoCenter for Vaccines and Immunology, Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, 501 D. W. Brooks Drive, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States.
Andrea RasolaDipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università di Padova, viale G. Colombo 3, 35131 Padova, Italy.
Giorgio ColomboDepartment of Chemistry, University of Pavia, viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1318-668X

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

SARS-CoV-2 is a health threat with dire socioeconomical consequences. As the crucial mediator of infection, the viral glycosylated spike protein (S) has attracted the most attention and is at the center of efforts to develop therapeutics and diagnostics. Herein, we use an original decomposition approach to identify energetically uncoupled substructures as antibody binding sites on the fully glycosylated S. Crucially, all that is required are unbiased MD simulations; no prior knowledge of binding properties or ad hoc parameter combinations is needed. Our results are validated by experimentally confirmed structures of S in complex with anti- or nanobodies. We identify poorly coupled subdomains that are poised to host (several) epitopes and potentially involved in large functional conformational transitions. Moreover, we detect two distinct behaviors for glycans: those with stronger energetic coupling are structurally relevant and protect underlying peptidic epitopes, and those with weaker coupling could themselves be prone to antibody recognition.

Indexed as

Molecular Dynamics SimulationAlgorithmsBetacoronavirusBinding Sites, AntibodyEpitopesGlycosylationHumansModels, MolecularMolecular ConformationPeptidesPolysaccharidesSARS-CoV-2Spike Glycoprotein, CoronavirusEpitopesPeptidesPolysaccharidesSpike Glycoprotein, Coronavirusspike protein, SARS-CoV-2

Identifiers

PMID32885971
PMCPMC7491317

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.