ArticlePaediatric and perinatal epidemiology2021
Maternal glucose tolerance in pregnancy and child cognitive and behavioural problems in early and mid-childhood.
Article in Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed.
- Gestational diabetes detection thresholds and infant growth, nutrition, and neurodevelopment at 12-18 months: a prospective cohort study within a randomized trial.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2025Trial
- Intrauterine gestational diabetes mellitus, child anxiety, and internalizing symptoms: moderation by physical activity.Journal of the Endocrine Society · 2026Article
- Gestational diabetes and its influence on early neurodevelopment in infants: a retrospective analysis.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2026Article
- Associations of maternal dietary carbohydrate intake, glycemic index, and glycemic load during pregnancy with offspring neurodevelopment.European journal of pediatrics · 2025Article
- Effect of maternal gestational diabetes mellitus on neurodevelopment in late preterm infants at the corrected age of 12 months.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Prenatal maternal diabetes, comorbidities, and risk for neurodevelopmental impairment in the first two years.Pediatric research · 2025Article
- Dietary glycemic index and load during pregnancy and offspring behavioral outcomes: exploring sex differences.European journal of pediatrics · 2025Observational
- Observational
- Maternal Hyperglycemia in Pregnancy and Offspring Internalizing and Externalizing Behaviors.Maternal and child health journal · 2023Article
- The impact of maternal diabetes on the future health and neurodevelopment of the offspring: a review of the evidence.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Review
- Macronutrient Intake in Pregnancy and Child Cognitive and Behavioural Outcomes.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Neurodevelopmental outcomes of infants of diabetic mothers.Zhongguo dang dai er ke za zhi = Chinese journal of contemporary pediatricsReview
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundMaternal abnormal glucose tolerance during pregnancy may adversely affect offspring cognition and behaviour, but few prospective studies investigated this association at multiple points throughout childhood.
objectivesWe hypothesised that maternal abnormal glucose tolerance is associated with child cognitive and behavioural outcomes in early and mid-childhood.
methodsWe examined the associations of maternal abnormal glucose tolerance at 26-28 weeks of pregnancy with offspring cognitive and behavioural scores in 1421 children in the Project Viva pre-birth cohort. In early (mean 3.3 years) and mid-childhood (mean 7.9 years), we measured child cognition using validated instruments, the Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test, Wide Range Assessment of Memory and Learning, and the Wide Range Assessment of Visual Motor Abilities (WRAVMA); we assessed parent- and teacher-rated behavioural outcomes with the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire and the Behavioural Rating Inventory of Executive Function. We used linear regression models adjusted for potential confounders (maternal race/ethnicity, pre-pregnancy BMI, intelligence, age, parity, smoking status, education, and household income at enrolment, in addition to child's sex and age at assessment).
resultsOf 1421 mothers, 69 (4.9%) had gestational diabetes mellitus, 43 (3.0%) impaired glucose tolerance, 122 (8.6%) isolated hyperglycaemia, and 1187 (83.5%) normal glucose tolerance. Offspring born to women with gestational diabetes mellitus had lower total WRAVMA scores (-3.09 points; 95% CI -6.12, -0.05) in early childhood compared with offspring of women with normal glucose tolerance. None of the abnormal glucose tolerance categories during pregnancy were associated with any of the cognitive outcomes (verbal, non-verbal, and visual motor scores) or behavioural measures in mid-childhood.
conclusionsChildren born to mothers who had gestational diabetes mellitus had slightly lower scores on one cognitive test in early childhood. We found no evidence to support that maternal abnormal glucose tolerance was associated with cognitive or behavioural development in mid-childhood.
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