ReviewPaediatric drugs2020
Anakinra for Treatment-Resistant Kawasaki Disease: Evidence from a Literature Review.
Review in Paediatric drugs, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 47 citations in OpenAlex.
- Anakinra use in pediatric kawasaki disease: inflammation control, coronary artery outcomes, and safety.Pediatric rheumatology online journal · 2026Pooled it
- Revised recommendations of the Italian Society of Pediatrics about the general management of Kawasaki disease.Italian journal of pediatrics · 2021Guideline
- Neutrophil heterogeneity in Kawasaki disease and multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children.Pediatric research · 2026Review
- Targeting IL-1β: a potential strategy for alleviating the immunopathology of aortic aneurysms.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Hepatobiliary involvement in Kawasaki disease: from cholestatic hepatitis to the hepatic vascular-biliary unit hypothesis-a state-of-the-art review.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Off-Label Use of Anakinra in Inflammatory Conditions in Neonates and Infants Up to 3 Months of Age: A Case Series and a Review of the Literature.Paediatric drugs · 2025Review
- Unveiling the anti-inflammatory mechanism of exogenous hydrogen sulfide in Kawasaki disease based on network pharmacology and experimental validation.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- An Update on Kawasaki Disease.Current rheumatology reports · 2024Review
- The Central Role of Interleukin-1 Signalling in the Pathogenesis of Kawasaki Disease Vasculitis: Path to Translation.The Canadian journal of cardiology · 2024Review
- Single Center-Based Real-World Experience on Anti-IL 1 Biological Response Modifiers: A Case Series and Literature Review.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Multiresistant Kawasaki Disease in a Young Infant with Giant Aneurysms Growing Fast.Journal of cardiovascular development and disease · 2024Article
- Impact of anakinra use on clinical outcomes in children with moderate or severe multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children: a propensity score matched retrospective cohort study.Pediatric rheumatology online journal · 2023Article
- Anakinra and hepatotoxicity in pediatric rheumatology: a case series.Pediatric rheumatology online journal · 2023Article
- Interleukin-33/ST2 Axis as Potential Biomarker and Therapeutic Target in Kawasaki Disease.Inflammation · 2023Article
- New insights in pediatrics in 2021: choices in allergy and immunology, critical care, endocrinology, gastroenterology, genetics, haematology, infectious diseases, neonatology, neurology, nutrition, palliative care, respiratory tract illnesses and telemedicine.Italian journal of pediatrics · 2022Review
- Acute phase of Kawasaki disease: a review of national guideline recommendations.European journal of pediatrics · 2022Review
- Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C).Current allergy and asthma reports · 2022Review
- Late Coronary Aneurysm Formation after Kawasaki Disease: a Review of Mechanistic and Clinical Aspects.Korean circulation journal · 2021Review
- COVID-19 Management in the Pediatric Age: Consensus Document of the COVID-19 Working Group in Paediatrics of the Emilia-Romagna Region (RE-CO-Ped), Italy.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Review
- Activin a suppresses peripheral CD8BMC immunology · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Kawasaki disease (KD) is one of the most common vasculitides of childhood and the main cause of acquired heart disease in developed countries. Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) in association with aspirin represents the main treatment for KD. However, 10-20% of patients fail to respond to standard treatment and have an increased risk of cardiac complications. There is currently no accepted protocol for treatment of resistant cases. Several authors highlighted the role of interleukin-1 (IL-1) as a mediator of inflammation in KD and suggested the possibility of using IL-1 or its receptor as a target of therapy. The use of IL-1 inhibitors in patients with KD has been reported in the scientific literature, but data are largely limited to individual case reports and small case series. We summarized the scientific literature related to the use of anakinra, analyzing preclinical and clinical data. Thirty-eight patients have been described so far, most of them with KD-related complications. Twenty-two were described in case reports and case series, while 16 were patients from the completed KAWAKINRA phase IIa study. Almost all patients received clinical benefit, and no relevant side effects were noted. Based on this evidence, in our opinion, anakinra may be considered as an option after the failure of the first IVIG infusion, especially in patients with coronary involvement.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.