ArticlePloS one2020
Development of the parental self-efficacy scale for preventing challenging behaviors in children with autism spectrum disorder.
Article in PloS one, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Self-compassion and self-efficacy among parents of children with autism: the mediating role of trust and the moderating role of social support.BMC psychology · 2026Article
- Measuring Our Impact: Validation of a Parenting Self-Efficacy Outcome Tool for Caregivers Participating in Developmental Interventions.Journal of multidisciplinary healthcare · 2026Article
- Are a Child's Autistic Traits, Behavioural Difficulties, Prosocial Behaviour and Temperament Predictors of Parental Self-Efficacy and Satisfaction? A Study on Parents of Autistic and Neurotypical Children Aged 7-11 Years.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2025Article
- Talking About Autism Within the Family: Parents' Perspectives and Their Influence on Self-Efficacy.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2025Article
- I Know What to Do; I Can Do It; It Will Work: The Brief Parental Self Efficacy Scale (BPSES) for Parenting Interventions.Child psychiatry and human development · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAlmost all children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have experienced challenging behavior, including disruptive and aggressive behavior symptoms to both themselves and others. In conjunction with appropriate strategic parenting, challenging behavior can be prevented by empowering children's sociality and optimizing their environment. However, a means of measuring such parenting has yet to appear. This study developed the Parental Self-Efficacy Scale for Preventing Challenging Behaviors in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (PASEC) and evaluated its reliability and validity.
methodSelf-administered questionnaires were distributed to 1,344 parents of children with ASD at all 521 child development support centers in Japan. Confirmed construct validity of the PASEC was determined using confirmatory factor analysis. Internal consistency of the PASEC was calculated using Cronbach's alpha. The self-efficacy subscale of the Parenting Sense of Competence (PSOC) was administered to assess criterion-related validity of the PASEC.
resultsIn total, 260 parents provided valid responses. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses identified six items from two factors: empowerment of children's sociality and optimization of children's environment. The final model showed goodness-of-fit index, 0.981; adjusted goodness-of-fit index, 0.944; comparative fit index, 0.999; and root mean square error of approximation, 0.019. Cronbach's alpha for the entire PASEC was 0.82; that for each factor was above 0.70. The correlation coefficient between the self-efficacy subscale of the PSOC and the entire PASEC was r = 0.52 (P <0.001).
conclusionsThe PASEC demonstrated adequate reliability and validity to assess parents' self-efficacy for preventing challenging behavior for children with ASD. That scale can help prevent challenging behavior; it can contribute to improving the mental health of parents and children with ASD as well as to primary prevention of child maltreatment and abuse.
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