Trial reportAIDS (London, England)2020
Effects of an intervention on internalized HIV-related stigma for individuals newly entering HIV care.
Trial report in AIDS (London, England), 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- Evidence from high-income countries on the effectiveness of psychosocial interventions to improve mental health, wellbeing and quality of life for adults living with HIV: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2025Pooled it
- Trial
- Impact of Community Support Workers in Rural Ethiopia on Emotional and Psychosocial Health of Persons Living with HIV: Results of a Three-Year Randomized Community Trial.AIDS and behavior · 2023Trial
- Development and Validation of an Updated Internalized HIV Stigma Scale Among People Living with HIV.AIDS and behavior · 2026Article
- The Burden of Intersecting Internalized Homophobia and Internalized HIV Stigma Can Exacerbate Depression Symptoms Among Gay Men Living with HIV in Türkiye.Archives of sexual behavior · 2026Article
- Stigma and depression among heterosexual men and women living with HIV in the UK: Investigating a conceptual framework.PloS one · 2026Article
- Experienced and anticipated HIV-related stigma and depression among pregnant and postpartum women living with HIV in the Greater Accra Region of Ghana: the role of internalized HIV stigma.BMC public health · 2025Article
- HIV/AIDS among migrants in Morocco: a cross-sectional biobehavioral study.International journal for equity in health · 2025Article
- Association of experienced stigma in healthcare settings with health outcomes among Black women living with HIV: Mediating roles of internalized stigma, anticipated stigma, and trust in HIV care.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2025Article
- 'You feel like it's better to just die': Death-centric stereotypes and stigma contribute to suicide risk for adolescents living with HIV in Malawi.PLOS global public health · 2025Article
- Intervention measures for stigma in HIV patients: a scoping review of randomized controlled trials.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Interventions for stigma reduction in HIV treatment and prevention designed to enhance antiretroviral uptake and adherence: A systematic review.PLOS global public health · 2025Article
- HIV Stigma, Health, and Violence: A Longitudinal Study among Adolescent Boys with HIV in Soweto, South Africa.AIDS and behavior · 2024Article
- HIV-Related Stigma, Social Support, and Symptoms of Mental Health Disorders Among People with HIV Initiating HIV Care in Cameroon.AIDS patient care and STDs · 2023Article
- The Thai Internalized HIV-related Stigma Scale.Frontiers in psychology · 2023Article
- Article
- What do young people know about HIV? Results of a cross sectional study on 18-24-year-old students.Journal of preventive medicine and hygiene · 2022Article
- Examining HIV Stigma, Depression, Stress, and Recent Stimulant Use in a Sample of Sexual Minority Men Living with HIV: An Application of the Stigma and Substance Use Process Model.AIDS and behavior · 2022Article
- Psychiatric comorbidity and psychosocial stressors among people initiating HIV care in Cameroon.PloS one · 2022Article
- The impact of food insecurity on HIV outcomes in Senegal, West Africa: a prospective longitudinal study.BMC public health · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveConsidering the association between internalized HIV-related stigma and treatment adherence, an intervention addressing HIV treatment adherence may have the added benefit of reducing internalized stigma. The 'integrating ENGagement and Adherence Goals upon Entry' (iENGAGE) intervention was developed to facilitate adjustment to living with HIV among individuals newly engaged in HIV care. We evaluated the effects of this intervention on internalized stigma and examined whether the effect is moderated by depressive symptoms and coping styles.
designThe iENGAGE intervention was tailored individually to improve information, motivation, and behavioral skills to promote treatment adherence and viral suppression. Three hundred and seventy-one participants initiating HIV care at four sites in the United States were randomly assigned to either the intervention receiving four face-to-face sessions or standard of care control arm.
methodsBaseline and 48-week follow-up assessments were conducted, which included validated measures of internalized HIV-related stigma, depressive symptoms, and coping mechanisms (behavioral disengagement and self-blame) as secondary outcomes. A repeated measures ANOVA evaluated the effect of the intervention on change in internalized HIV stigma. Furthermore, the moderating effects of depressive symptoms and coping mechanisms on the decrease in internalized stigma were examined.
resultsThe decrease in internalized stigma from baseline to 48 weeks was significantly larger in the intervention arm compared with the control arm. This effect was significantly moderated by baseline levels of depressive symptoms and self-blame.
conclusionThe multifaceted iENGAGE intervention is effective in reducing internalized stigma for new-to-HIV care individuals, especially with higher depressive symptoms or when using higher levels of self-blame coping.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.