ArticleShock (Augusta, Ga.)2021
Survival Rates and Biomarkers in a Large Animal Model of Traumatic Brain Injury Combined With Two Different Levels of Blood Loss.
Article in Shock (Augusta, Ga.), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- Plasma and Imaging Biomarker Changes Following Rotational and Contusional Models of Traumatic Brain Injury in Adolescent Pigs.Journal of neurotrauma · 2026Article
- The kynurenine pathway in pediatric "mild-to-moderate" traumatic brain injury: translational insights from a prospective human study and a large-animal model.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2026Article
- Review
- Unravelling Secondary Brain Injury: Insights from a Human-Sized Porcine Model of Acute Subdural Haematoma.Cells · 2024Article
- Distinct Serum Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein and Neurofilament Light Time-Courses After Rapid Head Rotations.Journal of neurotrauma · 2024Article
- Head Kinematics, Blood Biomarkers, and Histology in Large Animal Models of Traumatic Brain Injury and Hemorrhagic Shock.Journal of neurotrauma · 2023Article
- Immunopathological Alterations after Blast Injury and Hemorrhage in a Swine Model of Prolonged Damage Control Resuscitation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Review: Emerging Eye-Based Diagnostic Technologies for Traumatic Brain Injury.IEEE reviews in biomedical engineering · 2023Review
- Efficacy comparison of restrictive versus massive fluid resuscitation in patients with traumatic hemorrhagic shock.American journal of translational research · 2022Article
- The effect of extended continuous nursing strategy applied to patients with mild brain injury on their quality of life and self-efficacy.Frontiers in surgery · 2022Article
- Predictive role of shock index in the early formation of cerebral infarction in patients with TBI and cerebral herniation.Frontiers in neurology · 2022Article
- 17α-Ethinyl estradiol-3-sulfate increases survival and hemodynamic functioning in a large animal model of combined traumatic brain injury and hemorrhagic shock: a randomized control trial.Critical care (London, England) · 2021Article
- Relationships between injury kinematics, neurological recovery, and pathology following concussion.Brain communications · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
19 authors at 7 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
introductionThe pathology resulting from concurrent traumatic brain injury (TBI) and hemorrhagic shock (HS; TBI+HS) are leading causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide following trauma. However, the majority of large animal models of TBI+HS have utilized focal/contusional injuries rather than incorporating the types of brain trauma (closed-head injury caused by dynamic acceleration) that typify human injury.
objectiveTo examine survival rates and effects on biomarkers from rotational TBI with two levels of HS.
methodsTwenty-two sexually mature Yucatan swine (30.39 ± 2.25 kg; 11 females) therefore underwent either Sham trauma procedures (n = 6) or a dynamic acceleration TBI combined with either 55% (n = 8) or 40% (n = 8) blood loss in this serial study.
resultsSurvival rates were significantly higher for the TBI+40% (87.5%) relative to TBI+55% (12.5%) cohort, with the majority of TBI+55% animals expiring within 2 h post-trauma from apnea. Blood-based neural biomarkers and immunohistochemistry indicated evidence of diffuse axonal injury (increased NFL/Aβ42), blood-brain barrier breach (increased immunoglobulin G) and inflammation (increased glial fibrillary acidic protein/ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1) in the injured cohorts relative to Shams. Invasive hemodynamic measurements indicated increased shock index and decreased pulse pressure in both injury cohorts, with evidence of partial recovery for invasive hemodynamic measurements in the TBI+40% cohort. Similarly, although both injury groups demonstrated ionic and blood gas abnormalities immediately postinjury, metabolic acidosis continued to increase in the TBI+55% group ∼85 min postinjury. Somewhat surprisingly, both neural and physiological biomarkers showed significant changes within the Sham cohort across the multi-hour experimental procedure, most likely associated with prolonged anesthesia.
conclusionCurrent results suggest the TBI+55% model may be more appropriate for severe trauma requiring immediate medical attention/standard fluid resuscitation protocols whereas the TBI+40% model may be useful for studies of prolonged field care.
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