ArticleApplied microbiology and biotechnology2020
In vitro antifungal activity of Cinnamomum zeylanicum bark and leaf essential oils against Candida albicans and Candida auris.
Article in Applied microbiology and biotechnology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
40 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 76 citations in OpenAlex.
- Meta-analysis of the antifungal activities of three essential oils as alternative therapies in dermatophytosis infections.Journal of applied microbiology · 2022Pooled it
- Therapeutic potential of traditional Chinese medicine-derived formulations and extracts inJournal of pharmaceutical analysis · 2026Review
- Cinnamon Bark Essential Oil as a Natural Plant Protection Agent: Chemical Profile, Antimicrobial Activity, and Defence Induction.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- The Four Critical Priority Fungi According to the World Health Organization and the Hope for New Therapies: A Focus on Cell Wall Antifungal Targets.Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Unmasking the Fungicidal Potency and Multifaceted Mechanisms of Nutmeg Essential Oil AgainstPharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Article
- Antifungal and anti-virulence activities of cinnamon, thyme, and clove essential oils againstFrontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- Harnessing essential oils for sustainable food preservatives: Chemical composition, mechanisms, applications, and safety insights.Food chemistry: X · 2025Review
- Low-Frequency Ultrasound Assisted in Improvement in Cell Development and Production of Parasporal Crystals fromInsects · 2025Article
- Synthesis, X-Ray Structure, Characterization, Antifungal Activity, DFT, and Molecular Simulation of a Novel Pyrazole Carboxylic Acid.Current topics in medicinal chemistry · 2025Article
- Purification of Potential Antimicrobial Metabolites from Endophytic Fusarium oxysporum Isolated from Myrtus communis.Applied biochemistry and biotechnology · 2024Article
- Genome-Guided Identification of Surfactin-ProducingInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Development and Evaluation of Microencapsulated Oregano Essential Oil as an Alternative Treatment forACS applied materials & interfaces · 2024Article
- Fleagrass (Adenosma buchneroides Bonati) Acts as a Fungicide Against Candida albicans by Damaging Its Cell Wall.Journal of microbiology (Seoul, Korea) · 2024Article
- Synergistic Effect of Essential Oils and Antifungal Agents in Fighting Resistant Clinical Isolates ofPharmaceutics · 2024Article
- Essential Oils againstAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- New Generation of Osteoinductive and Antimicrobial Polycaprolactone-Based Scaffolds in Bone Tissue Engineering: A Review.Polymers · 2024Review
- Natural Substances as Valuable Alternative for Improving Conventional Antifungal Chemotherapy: Lights and Shadows.Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Essential oils as promising treatments for treatingFrontiers in pharmacology · 2024Review
- Antimicrobial Potential of Polyphenols: An Update on Alternative for Combating Antimicrobial Resistance.Medicinal chemistry (Shariqah (United Arab Emirates)) · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Candida infections are a significant source of patient morbidity and mortality. Candida albicans is the most common pathogen causing Candida infections. Candida auris is a newly described pathogen that is associated with multi-drug-resistant candidiasis and candidaemia in humans. The antifungal effects of various essential oils and plant compounds have been demonstrated against human pathogenic fungi. In this study, the effect of cinnamon leaf and bark essential oils (CEOs) was determined against both C. albicans and C. auris. The disc diffusion (direct and vapour) and broth microdilution method was used to determine antifungal activity of the EOs against selected strains (C. albicans ATCC 10231, C. albicans ATCC 2091 and C. auris NCPF 8971) whilst the mode of action and haemolysin activity of the CEOs were determined using electron microscopy and light microscopy. Direct and vapour diffusion assays showed greater inhibitory activity of bark CEO in comparison with leaf CEO. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and minimum fungicidal concentrations (MFCs) of bark CEO for all tested strains was below 0.03% (v/v), which was lower than the MICs of the leaf CEO (0.06-0.13%, v/v) dependent on the strain and the MFCs at 0.25% (v/v). In the morphological interference assays, damage to the cell membrane was observed and both CEOs inhibited hyphae formation. The haemolysin production assay showed that CEOs can reduce the haemolytic activity in the tested C. albicans and C. auris strains. At low concentrations, CEOs have potent antifungal and antihaemolytic activities in vitro against C. albicans and C. auris.Key points• Essential oils from Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume bark and leaf (CBEO and CLEO) demonstrated fungicidal properties at very low concentrations.• The antifungal activity of CBEO was greater than that of CLEO consistent with other recent published literature.• The mode of action of CBEO and CLEO was damage to the membrane of C. albicans and C. auris.• Both CBEO and CLEO inhibited the formation of hyphae and reduced haemolysin production in C. albicans and C. auris. Graphical abstract.
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