ArticleThe journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences2021
Life Course Socioeconomic Disadvantage and the Aging Immune System: Findings From the Health and Retirement Study.
Article in The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- Peripheral immune function and Alzheimer's disease: a living systematic review and critical appraisal.Molecular psychiatry · 2024Pooled it
- Associations between immunosenescence and domain-specific cognition in the Health and Retirement Study Harmonized Cognitive Assessment Protocol.BMC biology · 2026Article
- The immune response to human cytomegalovirus: impact of age, co-morbidities and the significance of anti-viral activity assessment.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2025Review
- Life course socioeconomic disadvantage and persistent infection burden: Links to cellular immunosenescence in U.S. young adults.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2025Article
- Health impact of a hypothetical intervention on immune burden of cytomegalovirus (CMV) among older adults in the US: a prospective analysis of the Health and Retirement Study Cohort.Lancet regional health. Americas · 2025Article
- The aging immune system and all-cause mortality in older americans: differences across sex and race/ethnicity.Immunity & ageing : I & A · 2025Article
- Social relationships and immune aging in early midlife: Evidence from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2025Article
- Examining the relationship between biomarkers of immune aging and prevalent physical disability in the health and retirement study.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2025Article
- Herpesvirus Antibodies Are Correlated With Greater Expression of p16 in the T Cells of Humans.Open forum infectious diseases · 2024Article
- The embodiment of the neighborhood socioeconomic environment in the architecture of the immune system.PNAS nexus · 2024Article
- [Strengthening prevention and health promotion in and for old age].Zeitschrift fur Gerontologie und Geriatrie · 2024Article
- The association between incarceration and housing insecurity and advanced immune age during late life.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2024Article
- Socioeconomic status is negatively associated with immunosenescence but positively associated with inflammation among middle-aged women in Cebu, Philippines.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2024Article
- Chronic Stress and Latent Virus Reactivation: Effects on Immune Aging, Chronic Disease Morbidity, and Mortality.The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences · 2023Article
- Article
- Socioeconomic and race/ethnic differences in immunosenescence: Evidence from the Health and Retirement Study.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2023Article
- The Validity and Reliability of Retrospective Measures of Childhood Socioeconomic Status in the Health and Retirement Study: Evidence From the 1940 U.S. Census.The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences · 2022Article
- Sociodemographic Differences in Population-Level Immunosenescence in Older Age.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2022Article
- The Association Between Cytomegalovirus and Disability by Race/Ethnicity and Sex: Results From the Health and Retirement Study.American journal of epidemiology · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesPrevious research has documented a consistent association between current socioeconomic status (SES) and cytomegalovirus (CMV). Early life is likely a critical period for CMV exposure and immune development, but less is known about early-life socioeconomic factors and CMV, particularly in older age populations. Using data from the Health and Retirement Study, we investigated the association between life course socioeconomic disadvantage and immune response to CMV among older adults.
methodsUsing ordered logit models, we estimated associations between several measures of socioeconomic disadvantage and the odds of being in a higher CMV Immunoglobulin G (IgG) response category in a sample of 8,168 respondents aged older than 50 years.
resultsWe found a significant association between educational attainment and CMV IgG response. Those with less than a high school education had 2.00 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.67-2.40) times the odds of being in a higher CMV category compared to those with a college degree or greater. In addition, we also observed a significant association with parental education and CMV response. Individuals with parents having 8 years or less of schooling had 2.32 (95% CI: 2.00-2.70) times the odds of higher CMV response compared to those whose parents had greater than high school education. DISCUSSION: CMV IgG levels in older adults are associated with both early-life and adult SES. Life course socioeconomic disadvantage may contribute to disparities in immunological aging.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.