ArticleThe Journal of infectious diseases2022
Exportation of Monkeypox Virus From the African Continent.
Article in The Journal of infectious diseases, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 186 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
186 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Global epidemiology, viral evolution, and public health responses: a systematic review on Mpox (1958-2024).Journal of global health · 2025Pooled it
- Global perspectives on smallpox vaccine against monkeypox: a comprehensive meta-analysis and systematic review of effectiveness, protection, safety and cross-immunogenicity.Emerging microbes & infections · 2024Pooled it
- Dynamics of Mpox infection in Nigeria: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2024Pooled it
- Clinical Features, Antiviral Treatment, and Patient Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Comparative Analysis of the Previous and the 2022 Mpox Outbreaks.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2023Pooled it
- Global Epidemiological Features of Human Monkeypox Cases and Their Associations With Social-Economic Level and International Travel Arrivals: A Systematic Review and Ecological Study.International journal of public health · 2023Pooled it
- How can imported monkeypox break the borders? A rapid systematic review.Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases · 2023Pooled it
- Trial
- Identification of Repurposed Drugs Against Monkeypox Virus Through Comprehensive Virtual Screening.Biotechnology journal · 2026Article
- Six Cases of Borealpox and Evidence of a Zoonotic Source: Alaska, 2020-2023.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2026Article
- Emergence of Lineage E.4 and Structural Plasticity of A28L Protein in Mpox Virus: Characterization of LCR7 Length Polymorphisms Across Lineages - Shenzhen City, Guangdong Province, China, 2023-2025.China CDC weekly · 2026Article
- Mpox emergence, epidemiology, biology, clinical features and control.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2026Review
- Emerging Viral Zoonoses: Epidemiology, Vaccination Strategies, and Implications for Global Public Health.Vaccines · 2026Review
- A Review of Epidemiological Modeling Studies on Monkeypox.China CDC weekly · 2026Article
- Monkeypox (Mpox), a Resurging Global Public Health Concern: An Updated Outlook Through 2025.Current issues in molecular biology · 2026Review
- Discovery of potential antiviral compounds and accelerating the therapeutic discovery against monkeypox virus.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Unveiling Intra-Clonal Diversity of Monkeypox Virus from Brazil's First Outbreak Wave.Viruses · 2025Article
- Squirrel reservoirs of monkeypox virus are sister species separated by the Sanaga River (Cameroon), as are the two main viral clades.One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2025Article
- Review
- From neglected to notoriety: a review of Mpox clinical features, virology, epidemiology, treatment and prevention strategies.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2025Review
- Viral Metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing for One Health Discovery and Surveillance of (Re)Emerging Viruses: A Deep Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
126 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
40 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe largest West African monkeypox outbreak began September 2017, in Nigeria. Four individuals traveling from Nigeria to the United Kingdom (n = 2), Israel (n = 1), and Singapore (n = 1) became the first human monkeypox cases exported from Africa, and a related nosocomial transmission event in the United Kingdom became the first confirmed human-to-human monkeypox transmission event outside of Africa.
methodsEpidemiological and molecular data for exported and Nigerian cases were analyzed jointly to better understand the exportations in the temporal and geographic context of the outbreak.
resultsIsolates from all travelers and a Bayelsa case shared a most recent common ancestor and traveled to Bayelsa, Delta, or Rivers states. Genetic variation for this cluster was lower than would be expected from a random sampling of genomes from this outbreak, but data did not support direct links between travelers.
conclusionsMonophyly of exportation cases and the Bayelsa sample, along with the intermediate levels of genetic variation, suggest a small pool of related isolates is the likely source for the exported infections. This may be the result of the level of genetic variation present in monkeypox isolates circulating within the contiguous region of Bayelsa, Delta, and Rivers states, or another more restricted, yet unidentified source pool.
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