Trial reportClimacteric : the journal of the International Menopause Society2021
Lessons from KEEPS: the Kronos Early Estrogen Prevention Study.
Trial report in Climacteric : the journal of the International Menopause Society, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Menopause and neurological disorders: a roadmap for research.Nature reviews. Neurology · 2026Review
- Improving Cardiovascular Clinical Competencies for the Menopausal Transition: A Focus on Cardiometabolic Health in Midlife.JACC. Advances · 2025Article
- Endogenous Estrogens and Brain Activation During Verbal Memory Encoding and Recognition in the Postmenopause.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2025Article
- Exploring the anti-aging potential of phytoestrogens: focus on molecular mechanisms and menopausal symptom modulation.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Review
- Hormone replacement therapy for menopausal mood swings and sleep quality: The current evidence.World journal of psychiatry · 2024Article
- Hypertension after the Menopause: What Can We Learn from Experimental Studies?Physiological research · 2023Review
- How preclinical models of menopause can inform clinical care: A focus on midlife and reciprocal communication between clinical and preclinical science.Current opinion in endocrine and metabolic research · 2023Article
- Menopausal hormone therapy and risk of cardiovascular events in women with prediabetes or type 2 diabetes: A pooled analysis of 2917 postmenopausal women.Atherosclerosis · 2022Article
- Sex hormones and immune system: Menopausal hormone therapy in the context of COVID-19 pandemic.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 10 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The Kronos Early Estrogen Prevention Study (KEEPS) was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial designed to determine the effects of hormone treatments (menopausal hormone treatments [MHTs]) on the progression of carotid intima-medial thickness (CIMT) in recently menopausal women. Participants less than 3 years from menopause and without a history of overt cardiovascular disease (CVD), defined as no clinical CVD events and coronary artery calcium < 50 Agatston units, received either oral conjugated equine estrogens (0.45 mg/day) or transdermal 17β-estradiol (50 µg/day), both with progesterone (200 mg/day for 12 days/month), or placebo pills and patches for 4 years. Although MHT did not decrease the age-related increase in CIMT, KEEPS provided other important insights about MHT effects. Both MHTs versus placebo reduced the severity of menopausal symptoms and maintained bone density, but differed in efficacy regarding mood/anxiety, sleep, sexual function, and deposition of β-amyloid in the brain. Additionally, genetic variants in enzymes for metabolism and uptake of estrogen affected the efficacy of MHT for some aspects of symptom relief. KEEPS provides important information for use of MHT in clinical practice, including type, dose, and mode of delivery of MHT recently after menopause, and how genetic variants in hormone metabolism may affect MHT efficacy on specific outcomes.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.