ReviewCellular & molecular immunology2021
Human immunology and immunotherapy: main achievements and challenges.
Review in Cellular & molecular immunology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 93 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
93 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 220 citations in OpenAlex.
- Correlation between allergy and cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2025Pooled it
- Interleukin-receptor antagonist and tumour necrosis factor inhibitors for the primary and secondary prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2024Pooled it
- Molecular Aspects of Allergen-Specific Immunotherapy in Patients with Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis.Cells · 2023Pooled it
- Are Corticosteroid Injections Associated With Secondary Adrenal Insufficiency in Adults With Musculoskeletal Pain? A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Prospective Studies.Clinical orthopaedics and related research · 2022Pooled it
- Cellular immunology data enable clinical severity prediction via supervised machine learning.iScience · 2026Article
- Passive immunization through polyclonal antibodies against IsdE showed protective activity in an experimental S.aureus challenge model.Folia microbiologica · 2026Article
- Artificial intelligence in immunotherapy: revolutionizing diagnostic and therapeutic applications in cancer and autoimmune diseases.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2026Review
- Quantitative proteomics and phosphoproteomics reveal glucocorticoid stimulation of TLR and Rho GTPase signaling in neutrophil-like cells.Genome biology · 2026Article
- Immune Infiltration Landscape in Osteosarcoma: Clinical Implications for Prognosis and Therapy.Cancer reports (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2026Article
- CD4European journal of immunology · 2026Article
- Advanced immunotherapy across diseases and the role of artificial intelligence: A review.Biomolecules & biomedicine · 2026Review
- Recent perspectives on macrophage memory: types, mechanisms, and characteristics in pulmonary diseases.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2026Review
- The Epigenetic Landscape of Hemophilia.Current molecular medicine · 2026Review
- Metabolic Gadolinium Labeling ofBiomaterials research · 2026Article
- Regulating white blood cell activity through the novel universal receptive system.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Cell-free recombinase-integrated Boolean output system.Cell systems · 2025Article
- Review
- Immunoenhancement Function of the Novel Hexapeptide (LVVLGH) from Thick-Shelled Mussel (Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Review
- NOS2 as a prognostic biomarker for early-onset colorectal cancer based on public data and clinical validation analysis.Scientific reports · 2025Article
33 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The immune system is a fascinating world of cells, soluble factors, interacting cells, and tissues, all of which are interconnected. The highly complex nature of the immune system makes it difficult to view it as a whole, but researchers are now trying to put all the pieces of the puzzle together to obtain a more complete picture. The development of new specialized equipment and immunological techniques, genetic approaches, animal models, and a long list of monoclonal antibodies, among many other factors, are improving our knowledge of this sophisticated system. The different types of cell subsets, soluble factors, membrane molecules, and cell functionalities are some aspects that we are starting to understand, together with their roles in health, aging, and illness. This knowledge is filling many of the gaps, and in some cases, it has led to changes in our previous assumptions; e.g., adaptive immune cells were previously thought to be unique memory cells until trained innate immunity was observed, and several innate immune cells with features similar to those of cytokine-secreting T cells have been discovered. Moreover, we have improved our knowledge not only regarding immune-mediated illnesses and how the immune system works and interacts with other systems and components (such as the microbiome) but also in terms of ways to manipulate this system through immunotherapy. The development of different types of immunotherapies, including vaccines (prophylactic and therapeutic), and the use of pathogens, monoclonal antibodies, recombinant proteins, cytokines, and cellular immunotherapies, are changing the way in which we approach many diseases, especially cancer.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.