Evidence map›Paper›PMID 32879312›Full record

ArticleNature communications2020

Flexible genes establish widespread bacteriophage pan-genomes in cryoconite hole ecosystems.

Christopher M Bellas, Declan C Schroeder, Arwyn Edwards, Gary Barker, Alexandre M Anesio

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature communications, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 43 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
43citing papers in PubMed
6.6field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

43 citing papers in PubMed, 73 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Genomic landscape of 340 virulent Acinetobacter bacteriophages reveals anti-CRISPR-enriched candidates for therapeutic prioritization.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2026
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  10. The Zoetrope effect in phage evolution.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 5 institutions in 4 countries.

Christopher M BellasDepartment of Ecology, Lake and Glacier Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria. christopher.bellas@uibk.ac.at.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5084-7830
Declan C SchroederDepartment of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, 1333 Gortner Avenue, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5991-2838
Arwyn EdwardsInstitute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, SY23 3EE, UK.
Gary BarkerSchool of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, 24 Tyndall Avenue, Bristol, BS8 1TQ, UK.
Alexandre M AnesioDepartment of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000, Roskilde, Denmark.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2990-4014
Aarhus University · DKAberystwyth University · GBUniversität Innsbruck · ATUniversity of Bristol · GBUniversity of Minnesota · US

Funding

Austrian Science Fund FWF M 2299
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Bacteriophage genomes rapidly evolve via mutation and horizontal gene transfer to counter evolving bacterial host defenses; such arms race dynamics should lead to divergence between phages from similar, geographically isolated ecosystems. However, near-identical phage genomes can reoccur over large geographical distances and several years apart, conversely suggesting many are stably maintained. Here, we show that phages with near-identical core genomes in distant, discrete aquatic ecosystems maintain diversity by possession of numerous flexible gene modules, where homologous genes present in the pan-genome interchange to create new phage variants. By repeatedly reconstructing the core and flexible regions of phage genomes from different metagenomes, we show a pool of homologous gene variants co-exist for each module in each location, however, the dominant variant shuffles independently in each module. These results suggest that in a natural community, recombination is the largest contributor to phage diversity, allowing a variety of host recognition receptors and genes to counter bacterial defenses to co-exist for each phage.

Indexed as

MetagenomeBacteriophagesCyanobacteriaEcosystemGenes, ViralGene Transfer, HorizontalGenome, ViralHost Microbial InteractionsIce CoverMetagenomicsPhylogeny

Identifiers

PMID32879312
PMCPMC7468147
OpenAlexW3081947354

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.