ReviewBMC immunology2020
Genomic, microbial and environmental standardization in animal experimentation limiting immunological discovery.
Review in BMC immunology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 28 citations in OpenAlex.
- The role of short-chain fatty acids in spinal cord injury: A systematic review of human and animal evidence.The journal of spinal cord medicine · 2026Pooled it
- The role of sex hormones in neurological and functional recovery following spinal cord injury in females: a systematic review of the literature.Spinal cord · 2026Pooled it
- Going wild: prioritizing experimental models of rodent-borne viruses to decode zoonotic spillover and pandemic risk.Journal of virology · 2026Review
- Article
- Outbred mice as an appropriate model for evaluating the immunogenicity of vaccines against porcine circovirus 2.Open veterinary journal · 2026Article
- Kinetics of Biomarkers for Therapeutic Assessment in Swiss Mice Infected with a VirulentPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Optimization of in-house indirect ELISA for the detection of mice IgG anti-dengue prM/E DENV-3 as a vaccine candidate.Open veterinary journal · 2026Article
- Insights Into Complex Murine Models of Allergy and Anaphylaxis: The Central Role of IgE and Mast Cells in Advancing Human Therapies.European journal of immunology · 2025Review
- Article
- CSF1R ligands promote microglial proliferation but are not the sole regulators of developmental microglial proliferation.Development (Cambridge, England) · 2025Article
- Improving bench-to-bedside translation for acute graft-versus-host disease models.Disease models & mechanisms · 2025Review
- Chlamydia muridarum Causes Persistent Subclinical Infection and Elicits Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses in C57BL/6J, BALB/cJ, and J:ARC(S) Mice Following Exposure to Shedding Mice.Comparative medicine · 2024Article
- Article
- Perspectives of FTIR as Promising Tool for Pathogen Diagnosis, Sanitary and Welfare Monitoring in Animal Experimentation Models: A Review Based on Pertinent Literature.Microorganisms · 2024Review
- Influence of Housing Temperature and Genetic Diversity on Allogeneic T Cell-Induced Tissue Damage in Mice.Pathophysiology : the official journal of the International Society for Pathophysiology · 2023Article
- Outbred Mice with Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes Show Sex Differences in Glucose Metabolism.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Establishment of a murine model of congenital toxoplasmosis and validation of a qPCR assay to assess the parasite load in maternal and fetal tissues.Frontiers in microbiology · 2023Article
- Sexual Dimorphism in the Polarization of Cardiac ILCs through Elabela.Current issues in molecular biology · 2022Article
- How aging impacts vaccine efficacy: known molecular and cellular mechanisms and future directions.Trends in molecular medicine · 2022Review
- Overexpression ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe use of inbred mice housed under standardized environmental conditions has been critical in identifying immuno-pathological mechanisms in different infectious and inflammatory diseases as well as revealing new therapeutic targets for clinical trials. Unfortunately, only a small percentage of preclinical intervention studies using well-defined mouse models of disease have progressed to clinically-effective treatments in patients. The reasons for this lack of bench-to-bedside transition are not completely understood; however, emerging data suggest that genetic diversity and housing environment may greatly influence muring immunity and inflammation.
resultsAccumulating evidence suggests that certain immune responses and/or disease phenotypes observed in inbred mice may be quite different than those observed in their outbred counterparts. These differences have been thought to contribute to differing immune responses to foreign and/or auto-antigens in mice vs. humans. There is also a growing literature demonstrating that mice housed under specific pathogen free conditions possess an immature immune system that remarkably affects their ability to respond to pathogens and/or inflammation when compared with mice exposed to a more diverse spectrum of microorganisms. Furthermore, recent studies demonstrate that mice develop chronic cold stress when housed at standard animal care facility temperatures (i.e. 22-24 °C). These temperatures have been shown alter immune responses to foreign and auto-antigens when compared with mice housed at their thermo-neutral body temperature of 30-32 °C.
conclusionsExposure of genetically diverse mice to a spectrum of environmentally-relevant microorganisms at housing temperatures that approximate their thermo-neutral zone may improve the chances of identifying new and more potent therapeutics to treat infectious and inflammatory diseases.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.