ArticleInternational journal of stroke : official journal of the International Stroke Society2021
Sex differences in intracranial and extracranial atherosclerosis in patients with acute ischemic stroke.
Article in International journal of stroke : official journal of the International Stroke Society, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Sex-Based Efficacy of Endovascular Thrombectomy Techniques in LVO Stroke: A Multicenter Registry Analysis.Stroke · 2026Article
- The Carotid Siphon as a Pulsatility Modulator for Brain Protection: Role of Arterial Calcification Formation.Journal of personalized medicine · 2025Review
- Rising mortality in cerebral atherosclerosis-related deaths in the United States (1999-2020): a 21-year retrospective analysis of CDC-WONDER database.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2025Review
- Sex differences in age-associated neurological diseases-A roadmap for reliable and high-yield research.Science advances · 2025Review
- Quantitative insights into stroke recovery utilizing delayed vessel ratio from color-coded multiphase computed tomography angiography.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Article
- Elevated body fat percentage is linked to increased risk of diabetes: a longitudinal retrospective cohort study based on Chinese adults.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- Endovascular Therapy for Isolated Cervical Internal Carotid Artery Occlusion.Stroke (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2024Article
- Sex differences in clot, vessel and tissue characteristics in patients with a large vessel occlusion treated with endovascular thrombectomy.European stroke journal · 2024Article
- Burden of intracranial artery calcification in white patients with ischemic stroke.European stroke journal · 2024Article
- Machine Learning Detects Symptomatic Plaques in Patients With Carotid Atherosclerosis on CT Angiography.Circulation. Cardiovascular imaging · 2024Article
- Cerebrovascular disease in patients with antiphospholipid antibody syndrome: a transcranial Doppler and magnetic resonance imaging study.Rheumatology advances in practice · 2024Article
- Clinical analysis of patients with hemodynamic depression after carotid artery stenting.Heliyon · 2023Article
- 3D Ultrasound Reconstructions of the Carotid Artery and Thyroid Gland Using Artificial-Intelligence-Based Automatic Segmentation-Qualitative and Quantitative Evaluation of the Segmentation Results via Comparison with CT Angiography.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Exploring gender disparities in the disease and economic tobacco-attributable burden in Latin America.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
- Article
- Sex Differences in Intracranial Atherosclerotic Plaques Among Patients With Ischemic Stroke.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2022Article
- Gender difference in association between H-type hypertension and subcortical ischemic vascular disease.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2022Article
- Sex-Specific MicroRNAs in Neurovascular Units in Ischemic Stroke.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
aimTo investigate sex differences with respect to presence and location of atherosclerosis in acute ischemic stroke patients.
methodsParticipants with acute ischemic stroke were included from the Dutch acute stroke trial, a large prospective multicenter cohort study performed between May 2009 and August 2013. All patients received computed tomography/computed tomography-angiography within 9 h of stroke onset. We assessed presence of atherosclerosis in the intra- and extracranial internal carotid and vertebrobasilar arteries. In addition, we determined the burden of intracranial atherosclerosis by quantifying internal carotid and vertebrobasilar artery calcifications, resulting in calcium volumes. Prevalence ratios between women and men were calculated with Poisson regression analysis and adjusted prevalence ratio for potential confounders (age, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, smoking, and alcohol use).
resultsWe included 1397 patients with a mean age of 67 years, of whom 600 (43%) were women. Presence of atherosclerosis in intracranial vessel segments was found as frequently in women as in men (71% versus 72%, adjusted prevalence ratio 0.95; 95% CI 0.89-1.01). In addition, intracranial calcification volume did not differ between women and men in both intracranial internal carotid (large burden 35% versus 33%, adjusted prevalence ratio 0.93; 95% CI 0.73-1.19) and vertebrobasilar arteries (large burden 26% versus 40%, adjusted prevalence ratio 0.69; 95% CI 0.41-1.12). Extracranial atherosclerosis was less common in women than in men (74% versus 81%, adjusted prevalence ratio 0.86; 95% CI 0.81-0.92).
conclusionsIn patients with acute ischemic stroke the prevalence of intracranial atherosclerosis does not differ between women and men, while extracranial atherosclerosis is less often present in women compared with men.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.