ArticleCancer research and treatment2021
Spatial Distribution and Prognostic Implications of Tumor-Infiltrating FoxP3- CD4+ T Cells in Biliary Tract Cancer.
Article in Cancer research and treatment, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cholangiocarcinoma:Unveiling the cold tumor microenvironment and strategies for immune rejuvenation.Oncogene · 2026Review
- Sequential involvement of hypoxia and anti-PD-1 treatment in shaping tumor-regional CD39Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2026Article
- Research progress of T cells in cholangiocarcinoma.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Advancing biliary tract malignancy treatment: emerging frontiers in cell-based therapies.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Review
- Modulation of FOXP3 Gene Expression in OVCAR3 Cells Following Rosmarinic Acid and Doxorubicin Exposure.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Deciphering the tumor immune microenvironment from a multidimensional omics perspective: insight into next-generation CAR-T cell immunotherapy and beyond.Molecular cancer · 2024Review
- Infiltrating T lymphocytes and tumor microenvironment within cholangiocarcinoma: immune heterogeneity, intercellular communication, immune checkpoints.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Focusing on the Immune Cells: Recent Advances in Immunotherapy for Biliary Tract Cancer.Cancer management and research · 2024Review
- Tumor immune microenvironment and the current immunotherapy of cholangiocarcinoma (Review).International journal of oncology · 2023Review
- Therapeutic significance of tumor microenvironment in cholangiocarcinoma: focus on tumor-infiltrating T lymphocytes.Exploration of targeted anti-tumor therapy · 2023Review
- The role of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in cholangiocarcinoma.Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR · 2022Review
- Dynamic increase of M2 macrophages is associated with disease progression of colorectal cancers following cetuximab-based treatment.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Clinical implications of the tumor microenvironment using multiplexed immunohistochemistry in patients with advanced or metastatic renal cell carcinoma treated with nivolumab plus ipilimumab.Frontiers in oncology · 2022Article
- Tumor Microenvironment and its Implications for Antitumor Immunity in Cholangiocarcinoma: Future Perspectives for Novel Therapies.International journal of biological sciences · 2022Review
- Up-to-Date Pathologic Classification and Molecular Characteristics of Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma.Frontiers in medicine · 2022Review
- Spatial architecture of the immune microenvironment orchestrates tumor immunity and therapeutic response.Journal of hematology & oncology · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
18 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purposeThe clinical implications of tumor-infiltrating T cell subsets and their spatial distribution in biliary tract cancer (BTC) patients treated with gemcitabine plus cisplatin were investigated. MATERIALS AND
methodsA total of 52 BTC patients treated with palliative gemcitabine plus cisplatin were included. Multiplexed immunohistochemistry was performed on tumor tissues, and immune infiltrates were separately analyzed for the stroma, tumor margin, and tumor core.
resultsThe density of CD8+ T cells, FoxP3- CD4+ helper T cells, and FoxP3+ CD4+ regulatory T cells was significantly higher in the tumor margin than in the stroma and tumor core. The density of LAG3- or TIM3-expressing CD8+ T cell and FoxP3- CD4+ helper T cell infiltrates was also higher in the tumor margin. In extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, there was a higher density of T cell subsets in the tumor core and regulatory T cells in all regions. A high density of FoxP3- CD4+ helper T cells in the tumor margin showed a trend toward better progression-free survival (PFS) (p=0.092) and significantly better overall survival (OS) (p=0.012). In multivariate analyses, a high density of FoxP3- CD4+ helper T cells in the tumor margin was independently associated with favorable PFS and OS.
conclusionThe tumor margin is the major site for the active infiltration of T cell subsets with higher levels of LAG3 and TIM3 expression in BTC. The density of tumor margin-infiltrating FoxP3- CD4+ helper T cells may be associated with clinical outcomes in BTC patients treated with gemcitabine plus cisplatin.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.