ArticlePolymers2020
3D Printing of a Reactive Hydrogel Bio-Ink Using a Static Mixing Tool.
Article in Polymers, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 54 citations in OpenAlex.
- Programmable continuous gradient bioprinting for engineering spatially heterogeneous microenvironments.Materials today. Bio · 2026Article
- Advances in extrusion-based bioprinting enabled by advanced printhead and nozzle designs.Materials today. Bio · 2026Review
- Progressive Cavity Pumps-A Comparison of New Technology for Gradient Bioprinting to Existing Extrusion Methods.Engineering in life sciences · 2026Article
- Review 3D-Printed hydrogels for tissue engineering: a review.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2026Review
- Contribution of the ELRs to the development of advancedFrontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2024Review
- 3D Embedded Printing of Complex Biological Structures with Supporting Bath of Pluronic F-127.Polymers · 2023Article
- Rheology as a Tool for Fine-Tuning the Properties of Printable Bioinspired Gels.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Bioinks adapted forRSC advances · 2023Review
- Effect of sterilization processes on alginate/gelatin inks for three-dimensional printing.International journal of bioprinting · 2023Article
- Development and characterization of an automated active mixing platform for hydrogel bioink preparation.International journal of bioprinting · 2023Article
- Chitosan Schiff-Base Hydrogels-A Critical Perspective Review.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- A Guide to Polysaccharide-Based Hydrogel Bioinks for 3D Bioprinting Applications.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Virtual Reality as Tool for Bioprinting Quality Inspection: A Proof of Principle.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2022Article
- Homogeneous and Reproducible Mixing of Highly Viscous Biomaterial Inks and Cell Suspensions to Create Bioinks.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Anisotropic scaffolds for peripheral nerve and spinal cord regeneration.Bioactive materials · 2021Review
- A structure-supporting, self-healing, and high permeating hydrogel bioink for establishment of diverse homogeneous tissue-like constructs.Bioactive materials · 2021Article
- Hyaluronan as a Prominent Biomolecule with Numerous Applications in Medicine.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Extrusion-Based 3D Bioprinting of Gradients of Stiffness, Cell Density, and Immobilized Peptide Using Thermogelling Hydrogels.ACS biomaterials science & engineering · 2021Article
- Novel Mangosteen-Leaves-Based Marker Ink: Color Lightness, Viscosity, Optimized Composition, and Microstructural Analysis.Polymers · 2021Article
- Emerging Biofabrication Techniques: A Review on Natural Polymers for Biomedical Applications.Polymers · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Hydrogel-based bio-inks have recently attracted more attention for 3D printing applications in tissue engineering due to their remarkable intrinsic properties, such as a cell supporting environment. However, their usually weak mechanical properties lead to poor printability and low stability of the obtained structures. To obtain good shape fidelity, current approaches based on extrusion printing use high viscosity solutions, which can compromise cell viability. This paper presents a novel bio-printing methodology based on a dual-syringe system with a static mixing tool that allows in situ crosslinking of a two-component hydrogel-based ink in the presence of living cells. The reactive hydrogel system consists of carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCh) and partially oxidized hyaluronic acid (HAox) that undergo fast self-covalent crosslinking via Schiff base formation. This new approach allows us to use low viscosity solutions since in situ gelation provides the appropriate structural integrity to maintain the printed shape. The proposed bio-ink formulation was optimized to match crosslinking kinetics with the printing process and multi-layered 3D bio-printed scaffolds were successfully obtained. Printed scaffolds showed moderate swelling, good biocompatibility with embedded cells, and were mechanically stable after 14 days of the cell culture. We envision that this straightforward, powerful, and generalizable printing approach can be used for a wide range of materials, growth factors, or cell types, to be employed for soft tissue regeneration.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.