ArticleCell2020
Loss of Bcl-6-Expressing T Follicular Helper Cells and Germinal Centers in COVID-19.
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Article in Cell, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 499 papers.
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499citing papers in PubMed
16.1field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
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Who cites it
499 citing papers in PubMed, 767 citations in OpenAlex.
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- High-Dimensional Immune Profiling Reveals Innate-Adaptive Rebalancing and Subpopulation Trajectories in Pediatric SevereDiagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- A unified network systems approach uncovers a core program underlying T follicular helper cell differentiation.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Human primary antibody response to vaccination follows a partially sequential class-switching program with a checkpoint at IGHG2.Cell reports. Medicine · 2026Article
- Germinal center-independent memory B cells provide rapid protection from lethal influenza challenges.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Differential Binding and Neutralising Antibody Responses Across COVID-19 Severity in a Saudi Multicentre Cohort.Viruses · 2026Article
- Immunological Mechanisms and Machine Learning Applications in Post-COVID-19 Syndrome: A Narrative Review.Microorganisms · 2026Article
- Longitudinal clinical proteomics reveals pneumonia type-specific protein biomarkers and autoantibodies.JCI insight · 2026Article
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- Atypical memory B cell clonal expansion and inflammatory programs associate with platelet-activating antibody development in COVID-19.JCI insight · 2026Article
- Spatial Profiling of Germinal Centers in Mouse Secondary Lymphoid Organs Using MACSima Imaging Cyclic Staining Technology.European journal of immunology · 2026Article
- Longitudinal clinical proteomics reveals pneumonia type-specific protein biomarkers and autoantibodies.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Plasmablast Storms: Microbial Drivers of Acute and Chronic Autoimmune Flares.Microorganisms · 2026Review
- Differential spleen immune signatures and germinal center responses during acute infection withFrontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- T Follicular Helper Cell Immune Signatures Associated With Disease Severity in Severe Fever With Thrombocytopenia Syndrome.Journal of immunology research · 2026Article
- Impaired Generation of High-Affinity Memory B Cells and Neutralizing Antibodies Against SARS-CoV-2 in Adolescents and Young Adults With Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis Treated With Tumor Necrosis Factor Inhibitors.ACR open rheumatology · 2026Article
- IL-33 expands plasma cells, disrupts germinal centers, and increases autoantibody production in mice.Nature communications · 2025Article
439 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
52 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Naoki KanekoRagon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
Hsiao-Hsuan KuoRagon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
Julie BoucauRagon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
Jocelyn R FarmerRagon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
Hugues Allard-ChamardRagon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Division of Rheumatology, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé de l'Université de Sherbrooke et Centre de Recherche Clinique Étienne-Le Bel, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada.
Vinay S MahajanRagon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Alicja Piechocka-TrochaRagon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA.
Kristina LefteriRagon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
Matthew OsbornRagon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
Julia BalsRagon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
Yannic C BartschRagon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
Nathalie BonheurRagon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
Timothy M CaradonnaRagon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
Josh ChevalierRagon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
Fatema ChowdhuryRagon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
Thomas J DiefenbachRagon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
Kevin EinkaufRagon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
Jon FallonRagon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
Jared FeldmanRagon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
Kelsey K FinnRagon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
Pilar Garcia-BroncanoRagon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
Ciputra Adijaya HartanaRagon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
Blake M HauserRagon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
Chenyang JiangRagon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
Paulina KaplonekRagon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
Marshall KarpellRagon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
Eric C KoscherRagon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
Xiaodong LianRagon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
Hang LiuRagon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
Jinqing LiuRagon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
Ngoc L LyRagon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
Ashlin R MichellRagon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
Yelizaveta RassadkinaRagon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
Kyra SeigerRagon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
Libera SessaRagon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
Sally ShinRagon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
Nishant SinghRagon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
Weiwei SunRagon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
Xiaoming SunRagon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
Hannah J TicheliRagon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
Michael T WaringRagon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA.
Alex L ZhuRagon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
Galit AlterRagon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
Jonathan Z LiDepartment of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Daniel LingwoodRagon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
Aaron G SchmidtRagon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Mathias LichterfeldRagon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Bruce D WalkerRagon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA; Department of Biology and Institute of Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
Xu G YuRagon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Robert F PaderaDepartment of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA. Electronic address: rpadera@bwh.harvard.edu.
Shiv PillaiRagon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. Electronic address: pillai@helix.mgh.harvard.edu.
Massachusetts Consortium on Pathogen Readiness Specimen Working Group
Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard · USBrigham and Women's Hospital · USHoward Hughes Medical Institute · USHarvard University · USUniversité de Sherbrooke · CA
Funding
Using a tonsil organoid system to probe conditions for the induction of protective antibody and T cell responses to influenza.U19AI057229 · NIAID · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI Mark Morris Davis · 2003 to 2026
$88.5MMedical Scientist Training ProgramT32GM007753 · NIGMS · HARVARD UNIVERSITY (MEDICAL SCHOOL) · PI WALENSKY, LOREN DAVID · 1985 to 2021
$50.0MPilot & Feasibility ProgramP30DK043351 · NIDDK · MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL · PI Ramnik J Xavier · 1991 to 2026
$35.3MMOLECULAR BIOPHYSICS TRAINING GRANTT32GM008313 · NIGMS · HARVARD UNIVERSITY (MEDICAL SCHOOL) · PI MURTHY, VENKATESH N · 1989 to 2023
$14.6MMOLECULAR BASIS OF VIRAL INFECTIVITYT32AI007245 · NIAID · HARVARD UNIVERSITY (MEDICAL SCHOOL) · PI Aaron Gregory Schmidt · 1985 to 2026
$11.3MThe importance of the IgG4 glycome in IgG4-related disease(s)U19AI110495 · NIAID · MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL · PI Ramnik J Xavier · 2014 to 2026
$7.9MTRAINING IN TRANSPLANTATION BIOLOGYT32AI007529 · NIAID · MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL · PI MADSEN, JOREN C · 1998 to 2024
$6.4MEpitope focusing to the receptor binding motif for a universal coronavirus vaccineR01AI146779 · NIAID · MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL · PI SCHMIDT, AARON GREGORY · 2019 to 2023
$4.2MInnate-like BCR activity as a template for universal vaccination against influenza virusR01AI137057 · NIAID · MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL · PI CHACKERIAN, BRYCE C, LINGWOOD, DANIEL · 2018 to 2022
$2.6MDefining and Exploiting a Genetic Template for an HIV VaccineDP2DA042422 · NIDA · MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL · PI LINGWOOD, DANIEL · 2016 to 2016
$2.6MTriggering germline-encoded broadly neutralizing antibody responses against influenza virusR01AI153098 · NIAID · MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL · PI BATISTA, FACUNDO DAMIAN, LINGWOOD, DANIEL · 2020 to 2023
$2.1MCDRH3-independent B cell stimulation to selectively expand VRC01 lineages from a fully humanized immunoglobulin repertoireR01AI124378 · NIAID · MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL · PI CHACKERIAN, BRYCE C, LINGWOOD, DANIEL · 2017 to 2020
$2.0MNIAID NIH HHS R01 AI124378NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI137057NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI146779NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI153098NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI155447NIAID NIH HHS T32 AI007245NIAID NIH HHS T32 AI007529NIAID NIH HHS U19 AI057229NIAID NIH HHS U19 AI110495NIDA NIH HHS DP2 DA042422NIDDK NIH HHS P30 DK043351NIGMS NIH HHS T32 GM007753NIGMS NIH HHS T32 GM008313NINDS NIH HHS F30 NS065566
Abstract
Humoral responses in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are often of limited durability, as seen with other human coronavirus epidemics. To address the underlying etiology, we examined post mortem thoracic lymph nodes and spleens in acute SARS-CoV-2 infection and observed the absence of germinal centers and a striking reduction in Bcl-6
Indexed as
AgedAged, 80 and overB-LymphocytesCoronavirus InfectionsCOVID-19FemaleGerminal CenterHumansMaleMiddle AgedPandemicsPneumonia, ViralProto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-6SpleenT-Lymphocytes, Helper-InducerTumor Necrosis Factor-alphaBCL6 protein, humanProto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-6Tumor Necrosis Factor-alphaCOVID-19cytokine dysregulationdouble-negative B cellsextra-follicular B cellsgerminal centershumoral immunityplasmablastsSARS-CoV-2T follicular helper cellsTNF-α
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.