ArticleThe Journal of infectious diseases2020
Injection Drug Use-Associated Candidemia: Incidence, Clinical Features, and Outcomes, East Tennessee, 2014-2018.
Article in The Journal of infectious diseases, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- Invasive Wickerhamomyces anomalus Infections among Injecting Drug Users, France, 2012-2024Emerging infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Bacterial and fungal infections in persons who inject drugs.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2025Review
- Yeast fungaemia among injection drug users in France (2012-2022): a cross-sectional observational study.The Lancet regional health. Europe · 2025Article
- Population-Based Active Surveillance for Culture-Confirmed Candidemia - 10 Sites, United States, 2017-2021.Morbidity and mortality weekly report. Surveillance summaries (Washington, D.C. : 2002) · 2025Article
- Fungal Infections in People Who Use Drugs.Open forum infectious diseases · 2025Review
- Opportunistic pathogens and polycocktail drugs fuel dynamic public health threats during the opioid crisis.PloS one · 2025Article
- Clinical manifestations and treatment of candidemia caused by different Candida species: a retrospective study.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Recurrent Candidemia: Trends and Risk Factors Among Persons Residing in 4 US States, 2011-2018.Open forum infectious diseases · 2022Article
- Comparative 1-Year Outcomes of Invasive Staphylococcus aureus Infections Among Persons With and Without Drug Use: An Observational Cohort Study.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2022Observational
- Recent Trends in the Epidemiology of Fungal Infections.Infectious disease clinics of North America · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundInjection drug use (IDU) is an established but uncommon risk factor for candidemia. Surveillance for candidemia is conducted in East Tennessee, an area heavily impacted by the opioid crisis and IDU. We evaluated IDU-associated candidemia to characterize the epidemiology and estimate the burden.
methodsWe assessed the proportion of candidemia cases related to IDU during January 1, 2014-September 30, 2018, estimated candidemia incidence in the overall population and among persons who inject drugs (PWID), and reviewed medical records to compare clinical features and outcomes among IDU-associated and non-IDU candidemia cases.
resultsThe proportion of IDU-associated candidemia cases in East Tennessee increased from 6.1% in 2014 to 14.5% in 2018. Overall candidemia incidence in East Tennessee was 13.5/100 000, and incidence among PWID was 402-1895/100 000. Injection drug use-associated cases were younger (median age, 34.5 vs 60 years) and more frequently had endocarditis (39% vs 3%). All-cause 30-day mortality was 8% among IDU-associated cases versus 25% among non-IDU cases.
conclusionsA growing proportion of candidemia in East Tennessee is associated with IDU, posing an additional burden from the opioid crisis. The lower mortality among IDU-associated cases likely reflects in part the younger demographic; however, Candida endocarditis seen among approximately 40% underscores the seriousness of the infection and need for prevention.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.