ArticlePloS one2020
Role of e-cigarettes and pharmacotherapy during attempts to quit cigarette smoking: The PATH Study 2013-16.
Article in PloS one, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 42 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
42 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 70 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Nicotine-Free E-Cigarettes Might Promote Tobacco Smoking Reduction Better Than Nicotine Delivery Devices: Results of a Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial at 1 Year.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2022Trial
- Switching to alternative tobacco products during unsuccessful smoking quit attempts is not linked to improved quit intention or interest.Addiction science & clinical practice · 2026Article
- Tobacco advertising, cross-over effects, and US adolescent progression from never to current tobacco use.BMC public health · 2026Article
- 5. Facilitating Positive Health Behaviors and Well-being to Improve Health Outcomes: Standards of Care in Diabetes-2026.Diabetes care · 2026Review
- Interactions between ENDS and cigarette use: evidence from a 2022 national telephone survey in South Africa.Tobacco control · 2025Article
- Associations of volatile organic compounds with accelerated epigenetic aging in the lungs of smokers and electronic cigarette users.The Science of the total environment · 2025Article
- Daily or Nondaily Vaping and Smoking Cessation Among Smokers.JAMA network open · 2025Article
- Divergence in Cigarette Discontinuation Rates by Use of Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS): Longitudinal Findings From the United States PATH Study Waves 1-6.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2025Article
- 5. Facilitating Positive Health Behaviors and Well-being to Improve Health Outcomes: Standards of Care in Diabetes-2025.Diabetes care · 2025Review
- Health impacts of e-cigarette and traditional tobacco use in Shanghai male railway workers: A population-based retrospective cohort study.Tobacco induced diseases · 2025Article
- Personalized and adaptive interventions for smoking cessation: Emerging trends and determinants of efficacy.iScience · 2024Review
- Changes in e-cigarette use and subsequent cigarette smoking cessation in the USA: evidence from a prospective PATH study, 2013-2018.Tobacco control · 2024Article
- Patterns of Daily Cigarette and E-cigarette Use among United States Youth and Young Adults: Insights from the Truth Longitudinal Cohort between 2018 and 2019.Preventive medicine reports · 2023Article
- Barriers to helping patients quit smoking: Lack of knowledge about cessation methods, E-cigarettes, and why nurse practitioners and physician assistants can help.Public health in practice (Oxford, England) · 2023Article
- Association of racial discrimination in health care settings and use of electronic cigarettes to quit smoking among Black adults.Journal of substance use and addiction treatment · 2023Article
- Influence of Disclosed and Undisclosed Funding Sources in Tobacco Harm Reduction Discourse: A Social Network Analysis.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2023Review
- How do Smokers in a Snus-Prevalent Society Consider E-cigarettes, Snus, and Nicotine Replacement Therapy Products as Relevant Replacements for Cigarettes in the Event They Should Stop Smoking?Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2023Article
- Effectiveness of e-cigarettes as aids for smoking cessation: evidence from the PATH Study cohort, 2017-2019.Tobacco control · 2023Article
- Effectiveness of ENDS, NRT and medication for smoking cessation among cigarette-only users: a longitudinal analysis of PATH Study wave 3 (2015-2016) and 4 (2016-2017), adult data.Tobacco control · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
36 authors at 12 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundMore smokers report using e-cigarettes to help them quit than FDA-approved pharmacotherapy.
objectiveTo assess the association of e-cigarettes with future abstinence from cigarette and tobacco use.
designCohort study of US sample, with annual follow-up.
participantsUS adult (ages 18+) daily cigarette smokers identified at Wave 1 (W1; 2013-14) of the PATH Study, who reported a quit attempt before W2 and completed W3 (n = 2443). EXPOSURES: Use of e-cigarettes, pharmacotherapy (including nicotine replacement therapy), or no product for last quit attempt (LQA), and current daily e-cigarette use at W2. ANALYSIS: Propensity score matching (PSM) of groups using different methods to quit. OUTCOME MEASURES: 12+ months abstinence at W3 from cigarettes and from all tobacco (including e-cigarettes). 30+ days abstinence at W3 was a secondary outcome.
resultsAmong daily smokers with an LQA, 23.5% used e-cigarettes, 19.3% used pharmacotherapy only (including NRT) and 57.2% used no product. Cigarette abstinence for 12+ months at W3 was ~10% in each group. Half of the cigarette abstainers in the e-cigarette group were using e-cigarettes at W3. Different methods to help quitting had statistically comparable 12+ month cigarette abstinence at W3 (e-cigarettes vs no product: Risk Difference (RD) = 0.01, 95% CI: -0.04 to 0.06; e-cigarettes vs pharmacotherapy: RD = 0.02, 95% CI:-0.04 to 0.09). Likewise, daily e-cigarette users at W2 did not show a cessation benefit over comparable no-e-cigarette users and this finding was robust to sensitivity analyses. Abstinence for 30+ days at W3 was also similar across products. LIMITATIONS: The frequency of e-cigarette use during the LQA was not assessed, nor was it possible to assess continuous abstinence from the LQA.
conclusionAmong US daily smokers who quit cigarettes in 2014-15, use of e-cigarettes in that attempt compared to approved cessation aids or no products showed similar abstinence rates 1-2 years later.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.