ReviewInfection2020
Treatment options for K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa and A. baumannii co-resistant to carbapenems, aminoglycosides, polymyxins and tigecycline: an approach based on the mechanisms of resistance to carbapenems.
Review in Infection, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 103 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
103 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 171 citations in OpenAlex.
- Global and regional prevalence of metallo-β-lactamases in carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii: a systematic review and meta-analysis.The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy · 2026Pooled it
- Pooled it
- In search for a synergistic combination against pandrug-resistant A. baumannii; methodological considerations.Infection · 2022Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Deciphering synergistic killing mechanisms of capsaicin combined with colistin against colistin-resistantBiochemistry and biophysics reports · 2026Article
- In Vitro Synergistic Effects of Selected Essential Oil Components Against ClinicalMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Integrating resistance biology, virulence networks, and precision therapeutics against multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa.Infection · 2026Review
- Virulence and Resistance Mechanisms in Multidrug-ResistantPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Update on the comparativeJAC-antimicrobial resistance · 2026Article
- Colistin-resistance amongJAC-antimicrobial resistance · 2026Review
- Multiplex real-time PCR with high-resolution melting analysis for rapid identification of carbapenem and colistin resistance genes in clinical Enterobacterales isolates.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Inhaled Antibiotic and Biologic Formulations TargetingPharmaceutics · 2026Review
- CLEC3A-derived peptides exhibit broad-spectrum activity againstFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Article
- Efficacy and safety of ceftazidime-avibactam versus tigecycline in the treatment of pneumonia caused by carbapenem-resistantFrontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Comparison of Two Different Doses of Ampicillin-Sulbactam as Part of Combination Therapy in the Treatment of Multidrug ResistantInfection and drug resistance · 2026Article
- Observational
- Development and Validation of a Nomogram to Predict Multidrug-Resistant Organism Infection in Severe Pneumonia: A Retrospective Cohort Study.International journal of general medicine · 2026Article
- Comparative analysis of treatment outcomes and risk factors associated with different combination antimicrobial regimens in patients with multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii pneumonia.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Article
- Real-world evidence on predictors of antimicrobial resistance among patients with chronic liver disease.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Structural insights into the activity of carbapenemases: understanding the mechanism of action of current inhibitors and informing the design of new carbapenem adjuvants.RSC medicinal chemistry · 2025Review
43 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The management of carbapenem-resistant infections is often based on polymyxins, tigecycline, aminoglycosides and their combinations. However, in a recent systematic review, we found that Gram-negative bacteria (GNB) co-resistant to carbapanems, aminoglycosides, polymyxins and tigecycline (CAPT-resistant) are increasingly being reported worldwide. Clinical data to guide the treatment of CAPT-resistant GNB are scarce and based exclusively on few case reports and small case series, but seem to indicate that appropriate (in vitro active) antimicrobial regimens, including newer antibiotics and synergistic combinations, may be associated with lower mortality. In this review, we consolidate the available literature to inform clinicians dealing with CAPT-resistant GNB about treatment options by considering the mechanisms of resistance to carbapenems. In combination with rapid diagnostic methods that allow fast detection of carbapenemase production, the approach proposed in this review may guide a timely and targeted treatment of patients with infections by CAPT-resistant GNB. Specifically, we focus on the three most problematic species, namely Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii. Several treatment options are currently available for CAPT-resistant K. pneumonia. Newer β-lactam-β-lactamase combinations, including the combination of ceftazidime/avibactam with aztreonam against metallo-β-lactamase-producing isolates, appear to be more effective compared to combinations of older agents. Options for P. aeruginosa (especially metallo-β-lactamase-producing strains) and A. baumannii remain limited. Synergistic combination of older agents (e.g., polymyxin- or fosfomycin-based synergistic combinations) may represent a last resort option, but their use against CAPT-resistant GNB requires further study.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.