ReviewThe AAPS journal2020
HIV-1 Sanctuary Sites-the Role of Membrane-Associated Drug Transporters and Drug Metabolic Enzymes.
Review in The AAPS journal, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- Heterogeneous Antiretroviral Drug Exposure in Male and Female Genital Tract Tissues.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Modeling the Interplay Between Viral and Immune Dynamics in HIV: A Review and Mrgsolve Implementation and Exploration.Clinical and translational science · 2025Review
- Enhanced HIV immune responses elicited by an apoptotic single-cycle SHIV lentivector DNA vaccine.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Article
- Testis Is a Sanctuary Site for HIV-1.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2025Review
- Cocaine regulates antiretroviral therapy CNS access through pregnane-x receptor-mediated drug transporter and metabolizing enzyme modulation at the blood brain barrier.Fluids and barriers of the CNS · 2024Article
- Enhancing broadly neutralising antibody suppression of HIV by immune modulation and vaccination.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Molecular Mechanisms of Organic Anion Transporting Polypeptide-Mediated Organic Anion Clearance at the Blood-Cerebrospinal Fluid Barrier.Molecular pharmacology · 2023Article
- Nucleoside Analog Reverse-Transcriptase Inhibitors in Membrane Environment: Molecular Dynamics Simulations.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Pharmacokinetic considerations to optimize clinical outcomes for COVID-19 drugs.Trends in pharmacological sciences · 2022Review
- Review
- Cytokine Adjuvants IL-7 and IL-15 Improve Humoral Responses of a SHIV LentiDNA Vaccine in Animal Models.Vaccines · 2022Article
- Toward Consensus on Correct Interpretation of Protein Binding in Plasma and Other Biological Matrices for COVID-19 Therapeutic Development.Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Despite significant advances in the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV) infection with highly active antiretroviral drug therapy, the persistence of the virus in cellular and anatomic reservoirs is a major obstacle preventing total HIV eradication. Viral persistence could result from a variety of contributing factors including, but not limited to, non-adherence to treatment and adverse drug reactions, latently infected cells carrying replication-competent virus, drug-drug interactions, and inadequate antiretroviral drug (ARV) concentrations reached in several anatomic sites such as the brain, testis, and gut-associated lymphoid tissues. The distribution of ARVs at specific sites of infection is primarily dependent on drug physicochemical properties and drug plasma protein binding, as well as drug efflux, influx, and metabolic processes. A thorough understanding of the functional roles of drug transporters and metabolic enzymes in the disposition of ARVs in immune cell types and tissues that are characterized as HIV reservoirs and sanctuaries is critical to overcome the challenge of suboptimal drug distribution at sites of persistent HIV infection. This review summarizes the current knowledge related to the expression and function of drug transporters and metabolic enzymes in HIV cellular and anatomic reservoirs, and their potential contribution to drug-drug interactions and insufficient drug concentration at these sites.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.