ReviewNature reviews. Drug discovery2020
Soluble ligands as drug targets.
Review in Nature reviews. Drug discovery, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 50 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
50 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 111 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Chemotherapy driven alterations in NK cell receptors and ligands in high grade serous ovarian cancer.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Peripheral and central inflammation associated with progressive cognitive decline in dementia with Lewy bodies.Brain communications · 2026Article
- AI-powered IC50 prediction for p53 inhibitors drug-target interaction via hybrid graph neural networks.Journal of computer-aided molecular design · 2025Article
- Dual-function polyester nanoparticles for amplified anti-inflammatory effects.Science advances · 2025Article
- Click-constructed modular signal aptamer chimeras enable receptor-independent degradation of membrane proteins.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Ketamine and Esketamine in Clinical Trials: FDA-Approved and Emerging Indications, Trial Trends With Putative Mechanistic Explanations.Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics · 2025Review
- Curzerenone inactivates the nuclear factor-kappa B signaling to suppress malignancy and immune evasion in cervical cancer by targeting CSNK2B.Human cell · 2024Article
- Modulating and Imaging Macrophage Reprogramming for Cancer Immunotherapy.Phenomics (Cham, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Depression clinical trials worldwide: a systematic analysis of the ICTRP and comparison with ClinicalTrials.gov.Translational psychiatry · 2024Review
- Advances in development of biomarkers for brain damage and ischemia.Molecular biology reports · 2024Review
- Extracellular C1qbp inhibits myogenesis by suppressing NFATc1.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Mendelian randomization reveals interactions of the blood proteome and immunome in mitral valve prolapse.Communications medicine · 2024Article
- Betaglycan sustains HGF/Met signaling in lung cancer and endothelial cells promoting cell migration and tumor growth.Heliyon · 2024Article
- Identifying therapeutic targets for cancer among 2074 circulating proteins and risk of nine cancers.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Engineered therapeutic antibodies with mannose 6-phosphate analogues as a tool to degrade extracellular proteins.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Endogenous Ligands of TLR4 in Microglia: Potential Targets for Related Neurological Diseases.Current drug targets · 2024Review
- CD6 and Its Interacting Partners: Newcomers to the Block of Cancer Immunotherapies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- A ligand-receptor interactome atlas of the zebrafish.iScience · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Historically, the main classes of drug targets have been receptors, enzymes, ion channels and transporters. However, owing largely to the rise of antibody-based therapies in the past two decades, soluble protein ligands such as inflammatory cytokines have become an increasingly important class of drug targets. In this Review, we analyse drugs targeting ligands that have reached clinical development at some point since 1992. We identify 291 drugs that target 99 unique ligands, and we discuss trends in the characteristics of the ligands, drugs and indications for which they have been tested. In the last 5 years, the number of ligand-targeting drugs approved by the FDA has doubled to 34, while the number of clinically validated ligand targets has doubled to 22. Cytokines and growth factors are the predominant types of targeted ligands (70%), and inflammation and autoimmune disorders, cancer and ophthalmological diseases are the top therapeutic areas for both approved agents and agents in clinical studies, reflecting the central role of cytokine and/or growth factor pathways in such diseases.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.