ReviewNature reviews. Neurology2020
Management of brain metastases according to molecular subtypes.
Review in Nature reviews. Neurology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 118 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
118 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 166 citations in OpenAlex.
- The association between graded prognostic assessment and the prognosis of brain metastases after whole brain radiotherapy: a meta-analysis.Frontiers in oncology · 2023Pooled it
- Brain metastases: A Society for Neuro-Oncology (SNO) consensus review on current management and future directions.Neuro-oncology · 2022Guideline
- Phase II Clinical Study of Adebrelimab and Bevacizumab Combined With Cisplatin/Carboplatin in Patients With Triple-Negative Breast Cancer With Brain Metastases (ABC Study).Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology · 2026Trial
- Cerebrospinal fluid circulating tumor DNA profiling in central nervous system metastases from solid tumors: A prospective multicentre translational analysis of the BrainStorm (OncoDistinct-006) study.The journal of liquid biopsy · 2026Article
- Clinical Implementation and Oncological Relevance of Molecular Profiling in Brain Metastases Patients-A Multicenter Retrospective Cohort Study.International journal of cancer · 2026Article
- Neurosurgical Resection for De Novo Brain Metastases from Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Real-World Evidence for Multidisciplinary Decision-Making.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Radiotherapy Modality and Primary Tumor Type as Determinants of Outcomes in Brain Metastases: A Retrospective Study of 734 Patients.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Article
- Patient-derived resources for decoding and targeting brain metastases ecosystems.EMBO molecular medicine · 2026Review
- Study of the blood-brain barrier-penetrating KRAS G12C inhibitor JMKX1899 in KRAS G12C-mutated NSCLC with brain metastases.Journal of the National Cancer Center · 2026Article
- Distinct immune landscapes characterize highly versus minimally invasive brain metastases.JCI insight · 2026Article
- Magnetic resonance imaging characteristics of brain metastases from lung cancer.Quantitative imaging in medicine and surgery · 2026Article
- Gene-Specific Outcomes After Central Nervous System Metastases in Germline BRCA1- and BRCA2-Associated Breast Cancer.Cancers · 2026Article
- A Challenging Differential Diagnosis Between Brain Radionecrosis and Recurrent Metastatic Disease, with Temporary Clinical/Radiological Response to Bevacizumab and Later Imaging Suspicious for Oligoprogression.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- A proteogenomic atlas of 1032 brain metastases identifies molecular subtypes, immune landscapes, and therapeutic vulnerabilities.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Targeting the metabolic niche: vulnerabilities and opportunities in brain metastases.Oxford open neuroscience · 2026Review
- Stereotactic radiotherapy for brain metastases: indications, dose fractionation, technological innovations, and evolving combination strategies - a comprehensive review.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Review
- Article
- Exploratory Gene Expression Profiling of Cisplatin-Induced Neurotoxicity in Rat Brain.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Molecular and clinical determinants of response to checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapy in glioblastoma.Journal of neuro-oncology · 2025Article
- Research progress of anti-angiogenic therapy combined with immunotherapy and radiotherapy for the treatment of brain metastases in non-small cell lung cancer (Review).Oncology letters · 2025Review
58 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The incidence of brain metastases has markedly increased in the past 20 years owing to progress in the treatment of malignant solid tumours, earlier diagnosis by MRI and an ageing population. Although local therapies remain the mainstay of treatment for many patients with brain metastases, a growing number of systemic options are now available and/or are under active investigation. HER2-targeted therapies (lapatinib, neratinib, tucatinib and trastuzumab emtansine), alone or in combination, yield a number of intracranial responses in patients with HER2-positive breast cancer brain metastases. New inhibitors are being investigated in brain metastases from ER-positive or triple-negative breast cancer. Several generations of EGFR and ALK inhibitors have shown activity on brain metastases from EGFR and ALK mutant non-small-cell lung cancer. Immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) hold promise in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer without druggable mutations and in patients with triple-negative breast cancer. The survival of patients with brain metastases from melanoma has substantially improved after the advent of BRAF inhibitors and ICIs (ipilimumab, nivolumab and pembrolizumab). The combination of targeted agents or ICIs with stereotactic radiosurgery could further improve the response rates and survival but the risk of radiation necrosis should be monitored. Advanced neuroimaging and liquid biopsy will hopefully improve response evaluation.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.