ArticleDiabetes care2020
Dietary Inflammatory and Insulinemic Potential and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: Results From Three Prospective U.S. Cohort Studies.
Article in Diabetes care, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 56 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
56 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 74 citations in OpenAlex.
- Dietary Inflammatory Index in relation to Type 2 Diabetes: A Meta-Analysis.International journal of clinical practice · 2022Pooled it
- Association of Adherence to Various Dietary Patterns With Mortality Among Survivors of Myocardial Infarction: A Prospective Cohort Study.Circulation · 2026Article
- Incorporating dietary information to enhance polygenic prediction models with applications to body mass index and type 2 diabetes.Genes & nutrition · 2026Article
- Harnessing Metabolic Insights: A Framework for Dietary Patterns in Chronic Disease Prevention and Management.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2026Review
- Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, vaspin, and dietary inflammatory index in relation to cardiometabolic health in diabetic women.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- From nutrient-based to food-based assessment: the evolution of inflammatory indices and their significance for metabolic syndrome and type 3 diabetes mellitus.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Review
- Article
- Role of insulinemic and inflammatory dietary patterns on gut microbial composition and circulating biomarkers of metabolic health among older American men.Gut microbes · 2025Article
- Childhood and adolescent dietary patterns and incidence of benign breast disease.Cancer causes & control : CCC · 2025Article
- Empirical dietary index for lower urate concentrations and risk of gout: evidence from cohort studies.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2025Article
- Proinflammatory Dietary Pattern and the Risk of Female Gout: Sex-Specific Findings From Three Prospective Cohort Studies.Arthritis & rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2025Article
- Diets with higher inflammatory and insulinemic potential are associated with shorter relative telomere length.Nutrition research and practice · 2025Article
- Pre-pregnancy inflammatory and insulinemic dietary patterns and risk of gestational diabetes mellitus: a prospective cohort study of 14,674 women.BMC medicine · 2025Article
- Diet-induced inflammation is associated with fatty pancreas in patients with common bile duct stones.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- The role of dietary inflammatory index in metabolic diseases: the associations, mechanisms, and treatments.European journal of clinical nutrition · 2025Review
- Proinflammatory dietary pattern and risk of total and subtypes of breast cancer among US women.Journal of the National Cancer Institute · 2025Article
- Characterization of cognitive decline in long-duration type 1 diabetes by cognitive, neuroimaging, and pathological examinations.JCI insight · 2025Article
- Low-frequency variants in genes involved in glutamic acid metabolism and γ-glutamyl cycle and risk of coronary artery disease in type 2 diabetes.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2024Article
- Prenatal Diet and Infant Growth From Birth to Age 24 Months.JAMA network open · 2024Article
- Dietary and lifestyle insulinemic potentials, plasma metabolome, and risk of diverticulitis: a prospective cohort study.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo examine whether proinflammatory and hyperinsulinemic diets are associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND
methodsWe prospectively followed 74,767 women from the Nurses' Health Study (1984-2016), 90,786 women from the Nurses' Health Study II (1989-2017), and 39,442 men from the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (1986-2016). Using repeated measures of food-frequency questionnaires, we calculated empirical dietary inflammatory pattern (EDIP) and empirical dietary index for hyperinsulinemia (EDIH) scores, which are food-based indices that characterize dietary inflammatory or insulinemic potential based on circulating biomarkers of inflammation or C-peptide. Diagnoses of type 2 diabetes were confirmed by validated supplementary questionnaires.
resultsWe documented 19,666 incident type 2 diabetes cases over 4.9 million person-years of follow-up. In the pooled multivariable-adjusted analyses, individuals in the highest EDIP or EDIH quintile had 3.11 times (95% CI 2.96-3.27) and 3.40 times (95% CI 3.23-3.58) higher type 2 diabetes risk, respectively, compared with those in the lowest quintile. Additional adjustment for BMI attenuated the associations (hazard ratio 1.95 [95% CI 1.85-2.05] for EDIP and hazard ratio 1.87 [95% CI 1.78-1.98] for EDIH), suggesting adiposity partly mediates the observed associations. Moreover, individuals in both highest EDIP and EDIH quintiles had 2.34 times higher type 2 diabetes risk (95% CI 2.17-2.52), compared with those in both lowest quintiles, after adjustment for BMI.
conclusionsHigher dietary inflammatory and insulinemic potential were associated with increased type 2 diabetes incidence. Findings suggest that inflammation and hyperinsulinemia are potential mechanisms linking dietary patterns and type 2 diabetes development.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.