ArticleBMC public health2020
Adaptation and validation of UNICEF/Washington group child functioning module at the Iganga-Mayuge health and demographic surveillance site in Uganda.
Article in BMC public health, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
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15 citing papers in PubMed.
- Exploring the Child Functioning Module in Multiple Surveys in Ghana and Niger.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2026Article
- Exploring the impact of measurement approaches on disability prevalence: findings from a comprehensive child survey.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Quality of life among people with disabilities and its related factors in Iran: a cross-sectional study.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Adaptation and validation of the Washington group/unicef child functioning module in a nationally representative sample of Canadian children and youth.BMC public health · 2025Article
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- Women with disabilities' use of maternal care services in sub-Saharan Africa.African journal of disability · 2024Article
- Does disability modify the association between poor mental health and violence victimisation over adolescence? Evidence from the CoVAC cohort study in Uganda.PLOS global public health · 2024Article
- Mother's functional difficulty is affecting the child functioning: Findings from a nationally representative MICS 2019 cross-sectional survey in Bangladesh.Health science reports · 2023Article
- Global and regional prevalence of disabilities among children and adolescents: Analysis of findings from global health databases.Frontiers in public health · 2022Article
- Education for children and adolescents living with disabilities in sub-Saharan Africa-The gaps and opportunities.Frontiers in public health · 2022Article
- Article
- Anxiety and depression in Guatemala: Sociodemographic characteristics and service access.PloS one · 2022Article
- Measuring child functioning: Assessing correlation and agreement between caregiver and child responses at the Iganga-Mayuge health and demographic surveillance site in Uganda.Disability and health journal · 2021Article
- Intra-Rater Test-Retest Reliability of a Modified Child Functioning Module, Self-Report Version.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Article
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9 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundThe UNICEF/Washington Group Child Functioning Module (CFM) assesses child functioning among children between 5 and 17 years of age. This study adapted and validated the CFM at the Iganga-Mayuge Health and Demographic Surveillance Site (IM-HDSS) in Uganda.
methodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted between September 2018-January 2019 at the IM-HDSS. Respondents were caregivers of children between 5 and 17 years of age who were administered modified Washington Group short set (mWG-SS) and CFM. The responses were recorded on a 4-point Likert scale. Descriptive analysis was conducted on child and caregiver demographic characteristics. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) assessed underlying factor structure, dimensionality and factor loadings. Cronbach's alpha was reported as an assessment of internal consistency. Face validity was assessed during the translation process, and concurrent validity of CFM was assessed through comparison with disability short form.
resultsOut of 1842 caregivers approached, 1439 (78.1%) participated in the study. Mean age of children was 11.06 ± 3.59 years, 51.4% were males, and 86.1% had a primary caregiver. Based on EFA, vision, hearing, walking, self-care, communication, learning, remembering, concentrating, accepting change, behavior control, and making friends loaded on factor 1 - "Motor and Cognition," while anxiety and depression loaded on factor 2 - "Mood". Cronbach's alpha for the overall CFM was 0.899 (good internal consistency). Cronbach's alpha for each extracted factor was excellent, motor and cognition (0.904), and mood (0.902). CFM had acceptable face validity. Spearman's rank correlation between scores of CFM and modified WG short set was 0.51 (p-value < 0.001). The overall mean CFM score was 2.47 ± 3.82 out of 39. The mean score for Mood (1.35 ± 1.42 out of 6) was higher compared to Motor and Cognition (1.12 ± 3.06 out of 33). Comparing modified WG short set and CFM Likert responses, the percent agreement was greatest for "cannot do at all."
conclusionCFM is a two-factor, valid and reliable scale for assessing disability in Uganda and can be applied to other similar settings to contribute towards disability data from the region. It is an easy-to-administer tool that can help in deeper understanding of context-specific burden and extent of disability in children between 5 and 17 years of age.
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