ArticleBMC infectious diseases2020
Co-infection with trichomonas vaginalis increases the risk of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2-3 among HPV16 positive female: a large population-based study.
Article in BMC infectious diseases, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 75 citations in OpenAlex.
- Risk factors for human papillomavirus infection, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and cervical cancer: an umbrella review and follow-up Mendelian randomisation studies.BMC medicine · 2023Pooled it
- Trichomonas vaginalis infection and risk of cervical neoplasia: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2023Pooled it
- Clinical epidemiology and associations between HPV infection and vaginal infections in Jinan, China: a cross-sectional analysis.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Article
- Cervical cancer patients' vaginal microbiome and metabolites: research progress and clinical applications.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Review
- Interactions between bacterial vaginosis-associated microbiota and Trichomonas vaginalis modulate parasite-induced pathogenicity and host immune responses.Parasites & vectors · 2025Article
- Risk for Human Papillomavirus-Associated Gynecologic Cancers Among Women of Childbearing Age With Rheumatic Diseases: A Population-Based Cohort Study.Journal of Korean medical science · 2025Article
- Vaginal Microbiota and Local Immunity in HPV-Induced High-Grade Cervical Dysplasia: A Narrative Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Prevalence ofTropical medicine and infectious disease · 2025Review
- The prevalence trends of Trichomonas vaginalis infection among women in Jingzhou, central of China, 2019-2023.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Advances in the interrelated nature of vaginal microecology, HPV infection, and cervical lesions.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Review
- Microbial influences on HPV infection and cervical carcinogenesis: emerging evidence from the vaginal microbiome.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Review
- The Diagnostic Significance of Combined Screening and Human Papillomavirus 16 and 18 Cycle Threshold Values for CIN2+ Cervical Lesions.International journal of women's health · 2024Article
- Cross-Sectional Study on the Correlation Between Vaginal Microecology and High-Risk Human Papillomavirus Infection: Establishment of a Clinical Prediction Model.International journal of women's health · 2024Article
- Trichomoniasis.Infectious disease clinics of North America · 2023Review
- Prevalence and metronidazole resistance ofIJID regions · 2023Article
- Prevention Strategies and Early Diagnosis of Cervical Cancer: Current State and Prospects.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Meta-analysis of the correlation between vaginal microenvironment and HPV infection.American journal of translational research · 2023Review
- The Risk Factors for Cervical Cytological Abnormalities Among Women Infected With Non-16/18 High-Risk Human Papillomavirus: Cross-sectional Study.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2022Article
- Sexually transmitted infections and female reproductive health.Nature microbiology · 2022Review
- Association between common vaginal and HPV infections and results of cytology test in the Zhoupu District, Shanghai City, China, from 2014 to 2019.Virology journal · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundEvidence suggested that vaginal microbiome played a functional role in the progression of cervical lesions in female infected by HPV. This study aimed at evaluating the influence of common vaginal infection on the carcinogenicity of high risk HPV (hr-HPV).
methodsFrom January 15, 2017 to December 31, 2017, 310,545 female aged at least 30 years old had been recruited for cervical cancer screening from 9 clinical research centers in Central China. All the recruited participants received hr-HPV genotyping for cervical cancer screening and vaginal microenvironment test by a high vaginal swab. Colposcopy-directed biopsy was recommended for female who were infected with HPV 16 and HPV 18, and other positive hr-HPV types through test had undertaken triage using liquid-based cytology, cases with the results ≥ ASCUS among them were referred to colposcopy directly, and cervical tissues were taken for pathology examination to make clear the presence or absence of other cervical lesions.
resultsAmong 310,545 female, 6067 (1.95%) were tested with positive HPV 16 and HPV 18, 18,297 (5.89%) were tested with other positive hr-HPV genotypes, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 1, CIN 2, CIN 3 and invasive cervical cancer (ICC) were detected in 861 cases, 377 cases, 423 cases, and 77 cases, respectively. Candida albicans and Gardnerella were not associated with the detection of cervical lesions. Positive trichomonas vaginitis (TV) was correlated with hr-HPV infection (p < 0.0001). Co-infection with TV increased the risk of CIN 1 among female infected with hr-HPV (OR 1.18, 95% CI: 1.42-2.31). Co-infection with TV increased the risk of CIN 2-3 among female infected with HPV 16 (OR 1.71, 95% CI: 1.16-2.53).
conclusionsCo-infection of TV and HPV 16 is a significant factor for the detection of cervical lesions.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.