ReviewHuman vaccines & immunotherapeutics2021
Extracellular vesicles of bacteria as potential targets for immune interventions.
Review in Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 34 citations in OpenAlex.
- Invasion of gut-derived escherichia coli extracellular vesicles exacerbates myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury.Gut microbes · 2026Article
- Microbial extracellular vesicles from min pigs remodel macrophage polarization via STING to sustain intestinal immune homeostasis.Gut microbes · 2026Article
- Review
- Intranasal Delivery of Bacterial Extracellular Vesicles Enables RNA Cargo Entry Into the Brain.Journal of extracellular vesicles · 2026Article
- The role and mechanism of neutrophils in oncolytic virus therapy.Experimental biology and medicine (Maywood, N.J.) · 2026Review
- Distinguishing the significance of blood microbes in epithelial ovarian cancer.Gut microbes reports · 2026Article
- Immunogenicity and vaccine efficacy ofVirulence · 2025Article
- Therapeutic potential of Bacillus sonorensis PMC204 membrane vesicles against drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis.Medical microbiology and immunology · 2025Article
- Harnessing outer membrane vesicles derived fromFrontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Recent advances in bacterial outer membrane vesicles: Effects on the immune system, mechanisms and their usage for tumor treatment.Journal of pharmaceutical analysis · 2024Review
- Bacterial extracellular vesicles as intranasal postbiotics: Detailed characterization and interaction with airway cells.Journal of extracellular vesicles · 2024Article
- Unravelling the Link between the Gut Microbiome and Autoimmune Kidney Diseases: A Potential New Therapeutic Approach.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- BACTERIAL EXTRACELLULAR VESICLES IN THE REGULATION OF INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE AND HOST-MICROBE INTERACTIONS.Shock (Augusta, Ga.) · 2024Review
- Involvement of Bacterial Extracellular Membrane Nanovesicles in Infectious Diseases and Their Application in Medicine.Pharmaceutics · 2022Review
- From Mouth to Muscle: Exploring the Potential Relationship between the Oral Microbiome and Cancer-Related Cachexia.Microorganisms · 2022Review
- Use of Bacterial Extracellular Vesicles for Gene Delivery to Host Cells.Biomolecules · 2022Article
- Bacterial extracellular vesicles as bioactive nanocarriers for drug delivery: Advances and perspectives.Bioactive materials · 2022Review
- Inhibitors of Bacterial Extracellular Vesicles.Frontiers in microbiology · 2022Review
- Bacterial extracellular vesicles control murine norovirus infection through modulation of antiviral immune responses.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Bacterial infection is one of the most common and serious diseases. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) expressed by bacterial cells during infection and their biological functions have been a growing field in recent years. The study of the immune interaction mechanism between EVs and bacteria has become more significant. EVs are released into the extracellular microenvironment during bacterial infection. EVs carry various lipids, proteins, nucleic acids, and other substances of host bacteria and participate in various physiological and pathological processes. EV-based vaccines against bacterial infection are also being evaluated. This review focuses on the biological characteristics of EVs, the interaction between EVs and the host immune system, and the potential of EVs as new vaccines. A deeper understanding of the interaction between EVs and the immune system informs on the biological function and heterogeneity of EVs. This knowledge also can facilitate the development and application of EVs and their potential as vaccines.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.