ArticleCancers2020
Deciphering the Immune Microenvironment on A Single Archival Formalin-Fixed Paraffin-Embedded Tissue Section by An Immediately Implementable Multiplex Fluorescence Immunostaining Protocol.
Article in Cancers, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed.
- Soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor is a prognostic biomarker in decompensated cirrhosis.JHEP reports : innovation in hepatology · 2026Article
- Neonatal liver niches program T cell tolerance.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Unified platform for multiplex immunofluorescence across liver tissues and engineered models.eGastroenterology · 2026Article
- Genetic ablation of interleukin-17A augments fibrosis in a mouse model of cholestatic liver injury.PloS one · 2026Article
- Article
- Immune microenvironment in hepatocellular carcinoma: from pathogenesis to immunotherapy.Cellular & molecular immunology · 2025Review
- Inflammation and immunity in liver homeostasis and disease: a nexus of hepatocytes, nonparenchymal cells and immune cells.Cellular & molecular immunology · 2025Review
- Infiltrating macrophages replace Kupffer cells and play diverse roles in severe alcohol-associated hepatitis.Cellular & molecular immunology · 2025Article
- Hyperammonemia induces programmed liver cell death.Science advances · 2025Article
- Protein carbamylation in atherosclerotic plaques correlates with uremia and disease progression, localizing predominantly to foam cells.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Hepatocellular senescence induces multi-organ senescence and dysfunction via TGFβ.Nature cell biology · 2024Article
- Dissecting Acute Drug-Induced Hepatotoxicity and Therapeutic Responses of Steatotic Liver Disease Using Primary Mouse Liver and Blood Cells in a Liver-On-A-Chip Model.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2024Article
- Article
- Patient with a novel syndrome with multiple benign hepatic lesions and extrahepatic neoplasms.Clinical journal of gastroenterology · 2024Article
- Alcohol-associated liver disease.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2024Review
- Discovery and characterization of cross-reactive intrahepatic antibodies in severe alcoholic hepatitis.eLife · 2023Article
- Monocyte-derived macrophages orchestrate multiple cell-type interactions to repair necrotic liver lesions in disease models.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2023Article
- Spatial dimension of macrophage heterogeneity in liver diseases.eGastroenterology · 2023Review
- The contradictory roles of macrophages in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and primary liver cancer-Challenges and opportunities.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2023Review
- Single-cell landscape of immune cells during the progression from HBV infection to HBV cirrhosis and HBV-associated hepatocellular carcinoma.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Technological breakthroughs have fundamentally changed our understanding on the complexity of the tumor microenvironment at the single-cell level. Characterizing the immune cell composition in relation to spatial distribution and histological changes may provide important diagnostic and therapeutic information. Immunostaining on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue samples represents a widespread and simple procedure, allowing the visualization of cellular distribution and processes, on preserved tissue structure. Recent advances in microscopy and molecular biology have made multiplexing accessible, yet technically challenging. We herein describe a novel, simple and cost-effective method for a reproducible and highly flexible multiplex immunostaining on archived FFPE tissue samples, which we optimized for solid organs (e.g., liver, intestine, lung, kidney) from mice and humans. Our protocol requires limited specific equipment and reagents, making multiplexing (>12 antibodies) immediately implementable to any histology laboratory routinely performing immunostaining. Using this method on single sections and combining it with automated whole-slide image analysis, we characterize the hepatic immune microenvironment in preclinical mouse models of liver fibrosis, steatohepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and on human-patient samples with chronic liver diseases. The data provide useful insights into tissue organization and immune-parenchymal cell-to-cell interactions. It also highlights the profound macrophage heterogeneity in liver across premalignant conditions and HCC.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.