ReviewVaccines2020
The Role of Microglia during West Nile Virus Infection of the Central Nervous System.
Review in Vaccines, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- West Nile Virus Exploits miR-155-5p-Mediated Regulation of TRIM32-IκBα Axis to Evade NF-κB-Mediated Innate Immune Responses in Human Microglial Cells.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Article
- CEBPD-MMP8 Axis Contributes to Cardiomyocyte Injury in Septic Shock.Applied biochemistry and biotechnology · 2026Article
- Emerging viral infections: role of flavivirus NS1-mediated rewiring of PRR signaling.European cytokine network · 2026Review
- A human cerebral organoid model of West Nile virus encephalitis shows innate immunocompetency.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Fatal West Nile Encephalomyelitis in a Young Woman with Hypoparathyroidism and Sjögren's Syndrome. Molecular Insights into Viral Neuro-Invasivity.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Role of innate immune and inflammatory signaling in West Nile virus tropism and neuronal and glial cell death.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Prevalence of Chikungunya, Dengue, and West Nile arboviruses in Iran based on enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA): A systematic review and meta-analysis.Global epidemiology · 2025Article
- Involvement of virus infections and antiviral agents in schizophrenia.Psychological medicine · 2025Review
- Dual immune modulation of microglia in viral encephalitis: current understanding and future perspectives.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2025Review
- West Nile virus unmasked: from gene variability to future challenges.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Review
- Histone deacetylases: the critical enzymes for microglial activation involved in neuropathic pain.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Review
- Microglia as potential key regulators in viral-induced neuroinflammation.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2024Article
- Role of microglia in brain development after viral infection.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2024Review
- Comparative study of the pathogenicity of the mosquito origin strain and duck origin strain of Tembusu virus in ducklings and three-week-old mice.Virologica Sinica · 2023Article
- Blockade of interferon signaling decreases gut barrier integrity and promotes severe West Nile virus disease.Nature communications · 2023Article
- Optimization and characterization of miRNA-129-5p-encapsulated poly (lactic-Nanoscale advances · 2023Article
- Viral-induced neuroinflammation: Different mechanisms converging to similar exacerbated glial responses.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2023Review
- SARS-CoV-2 productively infects human brain microvascular endothelial cells.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2022Article
- Flavivirus Persistence in Wildlife Populations.Viruses · 2021Review
- Antiviral Cytokine Response in Neuroinvasive and Non-Neuroinvasive West Nile Virus Infection.Viruses · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Encephalitis resulting from viral infections is a major cause of hospitalization and death worldwide. West Nile Virus (WNV) is a substantial health concern as it is one of the leading causes of viral encephalitis in the United States today. WNV infiltrates the central nervous system (CNS), where it directly infects neurons and induces neuronal cell death, in part, via activation of caspase 3-mediated apoptosis. WNV infection also induces neuroinflammation characterized by activation of innate immune cells, including microglia and astrocytes, production of inflammatory cytokines, breakdown of the blood-brain barrier, and infiltration of peripheral leukocytes. Microglia are the resident immune cells of the brain and monitor the CNS for signs of injury or pathogens. Following infection with WNV, microglia exhibit a change in morphology consistent with activation and are associated with increased expression of proinflammatory cytokines. Recent research has focused on deciphering the role of microglia during WNV encephalitis. Microglia play a protective role during infections by limiting viral growth and reducing mortality in mice. However, it also appears that activated microglia are triggered by T cells to mediate synaptic elimination at late times during infection, which may contribute to long-term neurological deficits following a neuroinvasive WNV infection. This review will discuss the important role of microglia in the pathogenesis of a neuroinvasive WNV infection. Knowledge of the precise role of microglia during a WNV infection may lead to a greater ability to treat and manage WNV encephalitis.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.