ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2020
Spheroids as a Type of Three-Dimensional Cell Cultures-Examples of Methods of Preparation and the Most Important Application.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 199 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
199 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Unlocking the Potential of Spheroids in Personalized Medicine: A Systematic Review of Seeding Methodologies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Pooled it
- Four-Dimensional Electrochemiluminescence Microscopy Enables Depth-Resolved Imaging of Single, Living Spheroids.Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English) · 2026Article
- Article
- A Wet-and-Dry Research Model: Unveiling Biomechanics in Odontoblast Polarization.International endodontic journal · 2026Article
- Multimodal Biophysical Analysis of Morpho-Phenotypic and Morpho-Functional Dynamics in Normal and Cancer Spheroids within Engineered Microenvironments.Chemical & biomedical imaging · 2026Article
- Converting lysosomes into photothermal organelles enables nanoparticle-free tumor ablation via intracellular vapor bubbles.Science advances · 2026Article
- In vitro approaches for modelling gut-liver crosstalk in drug-induced liver injury.Archives of toxicology · 2026Review
- Engineering Multi-Spheroid Bone Constructs Through the Fusion of Large MSC Spheroids.Journal of orthopaedic research : official publication of the Orthopaedic Research Society · 2026Article
- Experimental models of osteoarthritis: Advances, limitations and rational selection for translational research.Journal of orthopaedic translation · 2026Review
- Cytotoxic Potential of Marine-Derived Fungi Isolated from Sponges and Brown Algae of Mauritius.Marine drugs · 2026Article
- Advantages and research progress of three-dimensional culture systems for lung cancer drug screening (Review).Oncology letters · 2026Review
- Advancing photocytotoxicity evaluation of nitric oxide derivative-ruthenium complex in 3D biofabricated breast cancer models.Materials today. Bio · 2026Article
- Pure gaseous-born aerogels from solid solutions via vapor sublimation and deposition polymerization.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Spheroids and organoids to study long noncoding RNAs in cancer: how they could replace animal models.Cancer metastasis reviews · 2026Review
- Protocol for generation, time-course imaging, and automated quality control of 3D spheroid invasion using TRACEQC.STAR protocols · 2026Article
- The Future of Protozoan Infection Research: 3D Cell Culture and beyond.ACS infectious diseases · 2026Review
- Deconstructing cancer in 3D: models, mechanisms, and personalized solutions.Molecular cancer · 2026Review
- Force-sensing mobile microrobotic grippers for gentle and precise bioassembly of cell spheroids.APL bioengineering · 2026Article
- Soft microfingers with flexible tactile sensor using liquid metal for in situ evaluation of cellular spheroid stiffness.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Application of 3D Cell Culture Techniques in Nanotoxicology: How Far Are We?Stem cell reviews and reports · 2026Review
139 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Cell cultures are very important for testing materials and drugs, and in the examination of cell biology and special cell mechanisms. The most popular models of cell culture are two-dimensional (2D) as monolayers, but this does not mimic the natural cell environment. Cells are mostly deprived of cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix interactions. A much better in vitro model is three-dimensional (3D) culture. Because many cell lines have the ability to self-assemble, one 3D culturing method is to produce spheroids. There are several systems for culturing cells in spheroids, e.g., hanging drop, scaffolds and hydrogels, and these cultures have their applications in drug and nanoparticles testing, and disease modeling. In this paper we would like to present methods of preparation of spheroids in general and emphasize the most important applications.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.