ArticleBehavioural brain research2021
Neural correlates of safety learning.
Article in Behavioural brain research, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- Age and sex independently influence safety learning in mice.Behavioural brain research · 2025Article
- Disentangling the Neural Circuits of Arousal and Anxiety-Like Behavior.Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · 2025Review
- Translational approaches to the neurobiological study of conditional discrimination and inhibition: Implications for psychiatric disease.Behavioral neuroscience · 2024Review
- Impacts of social isolation stress in safety learning and the structure of defensive behavior during a spatial-based learning task involving thermal threat.Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience · 2024Article
- Optogenetic inhibition of the caudal substantia nigra inflates behavioral responding to uncertain threat and safety.Behavioral neuroscience · 2023Article
- Optogenetic inhibition of the caudal substantia nigra inflates behavioral responding to uncertain threat and safety.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2023Article
- Sex differences in fear responses: Neural circuits.Neuropharmacology · 2023Review
- Measuring human trace fear conditioning.Psychophysiology · 2022Article
- Stress and sex-dependent effects on conditioned inhibition of fear.Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.) · 2022Article
- Environmental certainty influences the neural systems regulating responses to threat and stress.Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews · 2021Review
- On the basis of sex: Differences in safety discrimination vs. conditioned inhibition.Behavioural brain research · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Accurate discrimination between safe and dangerous stimuli is essential for survival. Prior research has begun to uncover the neural structures that are necessary for learning this discrimination, but exploration of brain regions involved in this learning process has been mostly limited to males. Recent findings show sex differences in discrimination learning, with reduced fear expression to safe cues in females compared to males. Here, we used male and female Sprague Dawley rats to explore neural activation, as measured by Fos expression, in fear and safety learning related brain regions. Neural activation after fear discrimination (Discrimination) was compared between males and females, as well as with fear conditioned (Fear Only) and stimulus presented (Control) conditions. Correlations of discrimination ability and neural activation were also calculated. We uncovered a correlation between central amygdala (CeA) activation and discrimination abilities in males and females. Anterior medial bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) was the only region where sex differences in Fos counts were observed in the Discrimination condition, and the only region where neural activation significantly differed between Fear Only and Discrimination conditions. Together, these findings indicate the importance of fear expression circuitry in mediating discrimination responses and generate important questions for future investigation.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.