Evidence map›Paper›PMID 32871001›Full record

ArticleMolecular biology and evolution2021

Embryo-Like Features in Developing Bacillus subtilis Biofilms.

Momir Futo, Luka Opašić, Sara Koska, Nina Čorak, Tin Široki, Vaishnavi Ravikumar, Annika Thorsell, Maša Lenuzzi, Domagoj Kifer, Mirjana Domazet-Lošo and 3 more

Open access · bronzeAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Molecular biology and evolution, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
29citing papers in PubMed
3.2field-weighted citation impact, top 7% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

29 citing papers in PubMed, 54 citations in OpenAlex.

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  7. Bacterial Amino Acid Auxotrophies Enable Energetically Costlier Proteomes.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025
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  10. Gene age and genome organization inFrontiers in microbiology · 2025
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  11. Review
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  15. Biofilm · 2023
    Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Pleomorphic Variants ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2023
    Article
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors at 6 institutions in 4 countries.

Momir FutoLaboratory of Evolutionary Genetics, Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia.
Luka OpašićLaboratory of Evolutionary Genetics, Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia.
Sara KoskaLaboratory of Evolutionary Genetics, Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia.
Nina ČorakLaboratory of Evolutionary Genetics, Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia.
Tin ŠirokiFaculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.
Vaishnavi RavikumarThe Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
Annika ThorsellProteomics Core Facility, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
Maša LenuzziLaboratory of Evolutionary Genetics, Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia.
Domagoj KiferFaculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.
Mirjana Domazet-LošoFaculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.
Kristian VlahovičekBioinformatics Group, Division of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.
Ivan MijakovicThe Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
Tomislav Domazet-LošoLaboratory of Evolutionary Genetics, Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia.
Rudjer Boskovic Institute · HRUniversity of Zagreb · HRCatholic University of Croatia · HRNovo Nordisk Foundation · DKTechnical University of Denmark · DKUniversity of Gothenburg · SE

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Correspondence between evolution and development has been discussed for more than two centuries. Recent work reveals that phylogeny-ontogeny correlations are indeed present in developmental transcriptomes of eukaryotic clades with complex multicellularity. Nevertheless, it has been largely ignored that the pervasive presence of phylogeny-ontogeny correlations is a hallmark of development in eukaryotes. This perspective opens a possibility to look for similar parallelisms in biological settings where developmental logic and multicellular complexity are more obscure. For instance, it has been increasingly recognized that multicellular behavior underlies biofilm formation in bacteria. However, it remains unclear whether bacterial biofilm growth shares some basic principles with development in complex eukaryotes. Here we show that the ontogeny of growing Bacillus subtilis biofilms recapitulates phylogeny at the expression level. Using time-resolved transcriptome and proteome profiles, we found that biofilm ontogeny correlates with the evolutionary measures, in a way that evolutionary younger and more diverged genes were increasingly expressed toward later timepoints of biofilm growth. Molecular and morphological signatures also revealed that biofilm growth is highly regulated and organized into discrete ontogenetic stages, analogous to those of eukaryotic embryos. Together, this suggests that biofilm formation in Bacillus is a bona fide developmental process comparable to organismal development in animals, plants, and fungi. Given that most cells on Earth reside in the form of biofilms and that biofilms represent the oldest known fossils, we anticipate that the widely adopted vision of the first life as a single-cell and free-living organism needs rethinking.

Indexed as

BiofilmsBiological EvolutionBacillus subtilisBacillusbiofilmsevo-devophylogeny−ontogeny correlationsproteometranscriptome

Identifiers

PMID32871001
PMCPMC7783165
OpenAlexW3082351063

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.