SynthesisProgress in orthodontics2020
Is there a relationship between malocclusion and bullying? A systematic review.
Synthesis in Progress in orthodontics, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 57 citations in OpenAlex.
- How does self-esteem influence oral health-related quality of life during the occlusal transition from childhood to adolescence: a 4-year follow-up.The Angle orthodontist · 2026Observational
- Knowledge about sucking habits. Elaboration, validation and application of an online questionnaire: an exploratory study.Dental press journal of orthodontics · 2026Observational
- Bullying in schoolchildren and its relationship to malocclusion accounting for demographic and psychosocial factors: a cross-sectional study of 10- to 14-year-olds in the United Kingdom.The Angle orthodontist · 2025Article
- Bullying, cyberbullying, self-esteem, psychological distress and relationship with oral health related quality of life: a cross-sectional survey in adolescents.European journal of orthodontics · 2025Article
- Severe malocclusion and oral health-related quality of life in adolescents aged 12-15 years.Dental press journal of orthodontics · 2025Article
- Prevalence and nature of bullying in schoolchildren aged 10-14 years and its association with malocclusion: A cross-sectional study in the South East of the UK.Journal of orthodontics · 2024Article
- Expert consensus on pediatric orthodontic therapies of malocclusions in children.International journal of oral science · 2024Review
- Clinical parameters and inflammatory biomarkers among patients with multibracket appliances: a prospective clinical trial.BMC oral health · 2024Article
- Oral health-related quality of life in patients with cleft lip and/or palate or Robin sequence.Journal of orofacial orthopedics = Fortschritte der Kieferorthopadie : Organ/official journal Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Kieferorthopadie · 2024Article
- CD97 inhibits osteoclast differentiation via Rap1a/ERK pathway under compression.International journal of oral science · 2024Article
- Pathways between verbal bullying and oral conditions among school children.European archives of paediatric dentistry : official journal of the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry · 2023Article
- Implications of Post-Traumatic Treatment of Immature Maxillary Incisors.International dental journal · 2023Review
- Association between Dentofacial Features and Bullying from Childhood to Adulthood: A Systematic Review.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Prevalence of bullying in orthodontic patients and its impact on the desire for orthodontic therapy, treatment motivation, and expectations of treatment.Journal of orofacial orthopedics = Fortschritte der Kieferorthopadie : Organ/official journal Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Kieferorthopadie · 2023Article
- Comparison of flash-free and conventional bonding systems: A systematic review and meta-analysis.The Angle orthodontist · 2022Article
- Association between malocclusion in the mixed dentition with breastfeeding and past nonnutritive sucking habits in school-age children.The Angle orthodontist · 2022Article
- Co-Sleeping as a Protector against Malocclusion in the Primary Dentition: A Cross-Sectional Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Article
- Age and Gender Are Associated with the Component of Psychosocial Impact of Dental Aesthetics Questionnaire in Young People: A Cross-Sectional Study.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Motivation, Perception, and Behavior of the Adult Orthodontic Patient: A Survey Analysis.BioMed research international · 2022Article
- [Health relevance of malocclusions and their treatment].Bundesgesundheitsblatt, Gesundheitsforschung, Gesundheitsschutz · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundMalocclusion is a highly prevalent public health problem, and several studies have shown its negative correlation with quality of life, self-esteem, and social perceptions. However, its association with bullying is still controversial.
objectivesTo evaluate the relationship between malocclusion and bullying in children and adolescents. SEARCH
methodsThe databases used for the electronic researches were PubMed, Scopus, Lilacs/BBO, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library. Grey literature was reviewed through Open Grey literature with no language or date restrictions. Selection criteria, based on the PECO strategy, were considered eligible observational studies that included schoolchildren or adolescents (P) with malocclusion (E), compared to those with normal occlusion (C), in which the relationship between malocclusion and bullying was determined (O). DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Risk of bias evaluation was made for the qualitative synthesis by the Fowkes and Fulton criteria. Data regarding the age of participants and types of malocclusion and of bullying were extracted among other reported data. The quality of the evidence analyzed was evaluated through the GRADE approach.
resultsFrom 2744 articles identified in databases, nine met the eligibility criteria and were included in present systematic review, of which two studies were judged with methodological soundness. The quality of the evidence was classified as very low due to very serious problems for "risk of bias" and "other considerations" and serious problems of "indirectness". The age of participants ranged from 9 to 34 years considering a cohort study, with a bullying recalling perspective. Malocclusion was both evaluated by researchers and self-reported by participants addressing dentofacial characteristics mostly related to the incisors relationship. All studies evaluated the verbal type of bullying, while 3 also considered physical type. Both types were reported as related to malocclusion, although the results showed that extreme maxillary overjet (> 4 mm, > 6 mm, > 9 mm), extreme deep overbite, and having space between anterior teeth or missing teeth were the types of malocclusion with the strongest relations to bullying.
conclusionsWith very low certainty of evidence, the results of this systematic review suggest that conspicuous extreme malocclusion may be related to the occurrence of bullying among children and adolescents.
Indexed as
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.