ArticlePediatrics2020
Legal Performance-Enhancing Substances and Substance Use Problems Among Young Adults.
Article in Pediatrics, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
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14 citing papers in PubMed, 34 citations in OpenAlex.
- Muscle-building supplement use is associated with muscle dysmorphia symptomatology among Canadian adolescents and young adults.PLOS mental health · 2025Article
- Charting a Path Toward Improving Detection and Clinical Outcomes for Eating Disorders in Cismales and Gender-Diverse Patients.Focus (American Psychiatric Publishing) · 2024Review
- Assessing Canadian regulation of muscle-building supplements: Identifying gaps and recommendations for improvement to protect the health and well-being of young people.Performance enhancement & health · 2023Article
- Importance of "meal first" strategy and effective situations of supplement use in elite athletes: Japan high performance sport center position stand.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2023Review
- Sport specialisation and performance-enhancing substance use by young athletes.BMJ open sport & exercise medicine · 2023Article
- Performance-Enhancing Substance Use and Intimate Partner Violence: A Prospective Cohort Study.Journal of interpersonal violence · 2022Article
- Health care utilization in young adults with childhood physical disabilities: a nationally representative prospective cohort study.BMC pediatrics · 2022Article
- Use of appearance- and performance-enhancing drugs and substances is associated with eating disorder symptomatology among U.S. college students.Eating and weight disorders : EWD · 2022Article
- From Self-Doubt to Pride: Understanding the Empowering Effects of Delivering School-Based Wellness Programmes for Emerging Adult Facilitators-A Qualitative Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Performance-Enhancing Substance Use and Sexual Risk Behaviors among U.S. Men: Results from a Prospective Cohort Study.Journal of sex research · 2022Article
- Muscle-building behaviors from adolescence to emerging adulthood: A prospective cohort study.Preventive medicine reports · 2022Article
- The Impact of Delivering School-Based Wellness Programs for Emerging Adult Facilitators-A Quasi-Controlled Clinical Trial.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Associations between Adverse Childhood Experiences and Performance-Enhancing Substance Use among Young Adults.Substance use & misuse · 2021Article
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4 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
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Abstract
backgroundLegal performance-enhancing substance(s) (PES) (eg, creatine) are widely used among adolescent boys and young men; however, little is known about their temporal associations with substance use behaviors.
methodsWe analyzed prospective cohort data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health, Waves I to IV (1994-2008). Logistic regressions were used to first assess adolescent substance use (Wave I) and use of legal PES (Wave III) and second to assess use of legal PES (Wave III) and subsequent substance use-associated risk behaviors (Wave IV), adjusting for potential confounders.
resultsAmong the sample of 12 133 young adults aged 18 to 26 years, 16.1% of young men and 1.2% of young women reported using legal PES in the past year. Adolescent alcohol use was prospectively associated with legal PES use in young men (odds ratio 1.39; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.13-1.70). Among young men, legal PES use was prospectively associated with higher odds of problematic alcohol use and drinking-related risk behaviors, including binge drinking (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.35; 95% CI 1.07-1.71), injurious and risky behaviors (aOR 1.78; 95% CI 1.43-2.21), legal problems (aOR 1.52; 95% CI 1.08-2.13), cutting down on activities and socialization (aOR 1.91; 95% CI 1.36-2.78), and emotional or physical health problems (aOR 1.44; 95% CI 1.04-1.99). Among young women, legal PES use was prospectively associated with higher odds of emotional or physical health problems (aOR 3.00; 95% CI 1.20-7.44).
conclusionsUse of legal PES should be considered a gateway to future problematic alcohol use and drinking-related risk behaviors, particularly among young men.
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